THE EXPRESSION OF HIDDEN MEANING THROUGH IRONY AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN TWO LANGUAGES

Аннотация

В данной статье анализируются особенности выражения скрытого смысла с помощью иронии. Рассматриваются проявления иронии в различных культурах и языках, особенно в английском и русском. Особое внимание уделяется лингвистическим и прагматическим аспектам, а также сравнению общего и различного в использовании иронии в этих двух языках. Отдельный акцент сделан на роль иронии в переводе. Ключевые слова: Ирония, Семантическое отношение, Сопротивление, Соучастие, Устойчивая ирония, Неустойчивая ирония, Культурный контекст, Риторика, Подрыв, Интерпретация, Политический дискурс, Социальная критика, Диалогическое взаимодействие, Структуры власти, Литературное средство. Annotatsiya.Ushbu maqolada kinoya – ya’ni ironiya vositasida yashirin ma’noning ifodalanish xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Turli madaniyat va tillarda kinoyaning qanday ko‘rinishlarga ega ekani, uning lingvistik va pragmatik xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi. Asosan ingliz va rus tillarida kinoya vositasida ifodalangan yashirin ma’nolar solishtirilib, ularning o‘zaro umumiy va farqli jihatlari aniqlanadi. Maqolada tarjimada kinoyaning roliga ham alohida e’tibor qaratiladi. https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/pedagogs 1 85 Volume-81, Issue-1, May -2025 “PEDAGOGS” international research journal ISSN: 2181-3027_SJIF: 5.449 Kalit so’zlar: Iraniya, Semantik munosabat, Karshilik, Hamkorlik, Barqaror ironiya, Barqaror bo'lmagan ironiya, Madaniy kontekst, Ritorika, Izhg'orlik, Tushuncha, Siyosiy nutq, Ijtimoiy tanqid, Dialogik o'zaro ta'sir, Kuch tuzilmalari, Adabiy vosita. Introduction. Language is not merely a tool for direct communication; it is also a complex system for expressing nuanced meanings, emotions, and social attitudes. One of the most subtle and powerful means of conveying hidden or indirect meaning is irony. Irony allows speakers to say one thing while intending something quite different—often the opposite. This rhetorical device enables deeper expression, social critique, and emotional distance, making it a rich subject of study in both linguistics and cultural analysis. Irony operates at the intersection of semantics, pragmatics, and culture. Although irony is a universal linguistic phenomenon, its forms and functions vary widely across languages and cultural contexts. What may be considered ironic or humorous in one language might be interpreted differently—or not at all—in another. For this reason, the study of irony across different linguistic systems offers valuable insights into how meaning is constructed, interpreted, and even manipulated within communication.This article focuses on the expression of hidden meaning through irony in English and Russian, two languages that offer distinct linguistic and cultural landscapes. By analyzing how irony functions in both languages, we aim to highlight both the universal aspects of ironic communication and the culturally specific forms it can take. The choice of English and Russian is motivated by their widespread use, rich literary traditions, and distinct stylistic and pragmatic conventions. English, as a global lingua franca, often employs irony in understated or sarcastic forms, while Russian tends to use irony more overtly in political satire, social commentary, and everyday speech.In order to explore irony as a carrier of hidden meaning, this study examines its semantic structures, pragmatic functions, and linguistic expressions. Special attention is paid to how irony operates through lexical choices, syntactic constructions, and discourse markers. We also consider how context—both linguistic and situational— shapes the interpretation of ironic utterances. For example, intonation, facial expression, and shared cultural background play a crucial role in whether irony is perceived and correctly interpreted by the listener.Another key dimension of this study is the role of translation in preserving or transforming irony. Irony presents a unique challenge for translators, as its meaning often depends on cultural references, wordplay, or tone that may not have direct equivalents in the target language. Many instances of irony lose their effect or become ambiguous when translated literally. Therefore, this article also investigates translation strategies used to convey irony between English and Russian, such as equivalence, adaptation, modulation, and explicitation. The goal is to understand how translators navigate the fine line between https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/pedagogs 1 86 Volume-81, Issue-1, May -2025 “PEDAGOGS” international research journal ISSN: 2181-3027_SJIF: 5.449 preserving the original intent and making the text accessible to a new audience. In comparing the expression of irony in English and Russian, we identify both shared mechanisms and distinctive features. English irony often relies on understatement, deadpan delivery, or sarcasm, which can make it subtle and context-dependent. Russian irony, by contrast, may be more direct and socially loaded, reflecting historical and cultural norms of