BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATE OF OPEN WATER BASINS IN THE TERRITORIES OF THE POPULATION OF EASTERN ZIRABULAK

Аннотация

The article examines the quality of drinking water in open reservoirs (springs, lakes, streams) in the Zirabulak mountains, the results of organoleptic and helminthological studies of natural waters in this area, the ecology of gastropods (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) and the prevalence of mollusks. As well as the prevalence of certain types of helminths. Keywords: Zirabulak, gastropods, groundwater, water quality, helminths, helminthiasis. Today, along with the development of science and technology, significant innovative changes in agriculture are taking place in our country. In this regard, it can be said that this creates a number of environmental problems in providing the population with clean drinking water. Our research focuses on the quality of drinking water in the settlements of Mount Zirabulak and in the foothills of the Samarkand region, as well as on the current water supply in the city of Ingichka. The Zirabulak Mountains are a mountain range in the Samarkand region (Republic of Uzbekistan), a geological continuation of the Zarafshan range. It is bordered by the Jam Desert to the east, the Ziyaviddin Mountains to the west, the Karno Desert to the south and the Zarafshan River Valley to the north. The highest point is 1120 m. The height of the northern part is 930-1100 m, the central part is 830- 890 m. In the south are Ayribel, Koshdara, Jalkir, Alemi (1054 m), Piyoztag, Mahmudtog (962 m), in the north – Beshtog and other mountain ranges. There are deposits of gypsum raw materials for the production of building materials and lime in the Zirabulak mountains. Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–6_ Январь –2025 168 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Tin and mercury deposits are in operation. The town of Ingichka is located in the eastern part of the foothills [1, p. 110]. Methods and research directions. Scientific research (2020-2021) was conducted in the eastern territories of the Zirabulak Mountains. During the research, the laboratory studied gastropod shells and their fixed, as well as live samples for helminthological studies, as well as water samples collected in the area. The samples were taken mainly in the spring (Fig. 1) Figure 1 – Temporary groundwater sources in mountainous areas Vostochny Zirabulak and nearby settlements of the Stream in this territory consist mainly of groundwater saturated with rainwater and formed by spring and winter precipitation. The volume of water in the streams is very small, and this runoff occurs at certain times of the year (i.e., the water in these streams is temporary or semi- temporary). Although the water in the stream is temporary, there are also springs where most of the time of the year there is always water (for example, in Fig. 1, at control point 3, coordinates: N39°45.17' E65°58.38'). Observations have shown that today (April-May 2021) due to technological problems with centralized water supply. Ingichka the population of the city is not fully provided with centralized water. For the population, water is transported by tanker trucks ("water truck") from the Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–6_ Январь –2025 169 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT upper part (Fig. 1, indicated with numbers 4, coordinates: N39°45.54' E65°57.30') of a flowing mountain lake (Fig. 2). The mountain lake is saturated with groundwater and precipitation, and its level varies depending on the time of year. Since the lake is located next to industrial mining waste (sand, etc.), this affects the chemical composition of the water. The results obtained and their discussion. It turned out that the spring water in this territory does not meet the requirements (according to the standard 0182-05 "For the water quality of non-centralized water supply and sanitary protection of sources in Uzbekistan) for organoleptic properties, i.e. transparency of spring water 30 cm, turbidity within the normal range (or slightly cloudy), odor and taste (swampy) 4 points on on a 5-point scale. Figure 2 – Mountain lake: A- view of the lake from the east; B- dead fish on the shore In the course of scientific research, it was found that 4 species of gastropods are widespread in this territory (Table 1) (Fig. 3). These species are being studied for the first time in this region. Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–6_ Январь –2025 170 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Figure 3 – Freshwater gastropods: A: Lymnaea bactriana; B: Costatella acuta; C: Lymnaea subdisjuncta; D: Planorbis planorbis Sizes of aquatic mollusc shells collected by us in the area: 1. Lymnaea (R.) bactriana (Hutton, 1850): BP 14-16; SR 13; CH 4.5-5. 2. Costatella acuta (Drap., 1805): BP 12-16; SR 8-7; CH 4.5. 3. Lymnaea (R.) subdisjuncta Nevill, 1878: BP 10-15; SR 8-10; CHO 5. 4. Planorbis planorbis (L.1758): VR 4; SR 4.5-5; CHO 5-5.5. The gastropods common in this region are divided into the following different ecological groups depending on their living conditions (Table 1). Table 1 – Belonging of gastropods to ecological groups [2, p. 20] and their participation as in