ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION AND CLINICAL DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Аннотация

В статье проанализированы процесс социальной адаптации и клиническая динамика 42 пациентов с диагнозом умственная отсталость. В ходе исследования оценивали психологическое, социальное и клиническое состояние пациентов, определяли уровень и динамику их адаптации. Также была оценена эффективность методов терапии и реабилитации, разработаны рекомендации, направленные на повышение социальной интеграции. Полученные результаты помогут разработать подходы, направленные на улучшение качества жизни пациентов с умственной отсталостью и оптимизацию процесса их интеграции в общество. Ключевые слова: интеллектуальная недостаточность, факторы риска, подростки, психоневрологические расстройства, слабоумие AQLI ZAIFLIGI BO‘LGAN BEMORLARNING IJTIMOIY MOSLASHUV JARAYONI VA KLINIK DINAMIKASI TAHLILI Shodiyeva Feruza Beshimovna Abu Ali ibn Sino nomidagi Buxoro davlat tibbiyot instituti. Buxoro. O’zbekiston. e-mail: shodiyeva.feruza@bsmi.uz Annotatsiya. Maqolada aqli zaiflik tashxisi qo‘yilgan 42 nafar bemorlarning ijtimoiy moslashuv jarayoni va klinik dinamikasi tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot davomida https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj 7 9 Volume-38_Issue-1_April-2025 World scientific research journal bemorlarning psixologik, ijtimoiy va klinik holatlari baholanib, ularning moslashuv darajasi va dinamikasi aniqlandi. Shuningdek, terapiya va reabilitatsiya usullarining samaradorligi baholanib, ijtimoiy integratsiyani oshirishga yo‘naltirilgan tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi. Olingan natijalar aqli zaif bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilash va ularni jamiyatga qo‘shilish jarayonini optimallashtirishga qaratilgan yondashuvlarni ishlab chiqishga yordam beradi. Kalit so’zlar: intellektual yetishmovchilik, xavf omillari, o‘smirlar, ruhiy-asab buzilishlar, aqli zaiflik. It is important that every member of society lives a full life and adapts to an active social life. In particular, the social adaptation of patients with intellectual disabilities is important not only for their personal well-being, but also for the overall development of society. The process of adaptation of these patients to the social environment occurs under the influence of various clinical and psychological factors, which requires a deep study of this process. Mental retardation (oligophrenia) is characterised by congenital or acquired intellectual retardation at an early age. This condition causes the patient to encounter difficulties in everyday life, work, and social relations. Therefore, the study of the social adaptation of such individuals and the identification of factors influencing it is one of the pressing issues for medicine, psychology, and social sciences. The main goal of this study is the clinical and dynamic study of the social adaptation of patients with intellectual disability and the development of effective measures aimed at improving this process. The study examines the degree of adaptation of mentally retarded patients to the social environment, clinical, psychological, and social factors influencing their adaptation. The research results serve to develop effective rehabilitation methods for persons with intellectual disabilities, improve their integration into social life, and form an inclusive environment in society. Mental retardation (oligophrenia) is a cognitive developmental disorder that occurs in congenital or early childhood and is mainly characterised by decreased intellectual ability and social adaptation. Clinical aspects of dementia affect a person's ability to communicate, self-care, make independent decisions, and adapt to the social environment. Social adaptation is an important factor for the integration of patients with intellectual disabilities into society. Studies show that individuals without social skills face problems such as decreased quality of life, depression, and inability to adapt to the external environment. Determining and developing the level of social adaptation of patients is one of the main directions of scientific research in this area. Social adaptation of patients with intellectual disabilities is a dynamic process associated with various clinical factors, educational environment, and therapeutic approaches. Studies show that the use of correct diagnostics and adapted education can significantly improve the quality of life of patients. The clinical-dynamic approach is aimed at improving the adaptation of patients, taking into account their changing needs. Various methods are used to assess the social adaptation of persons with intellectual disabilities: • Psychological tests and questionnaires (e.g., the Vineland Adaptation Scale) https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj 8 0 Volume-38_Issue-1_April-2025 World scientific research journal • Neuropsychological research • Observation and experimental methods • Family and pedagogical approaches The following measures are important for improving the social adaptation of patients with intellectual disabilities: Development of special educational programs; Training on the formation o