SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM

Аннотация

Mineral substances make up the solid part of the soil. In natural deposition, solid particles occupy a certain part of the mass of the soil, and the rest is made up of pits (porosity), which have different sizes and shapes in the range of particles and their aggregates. The total sum of these spaces is called soil porosity. Soil porosity is Capillary and non-capillary. Small particles of capillary porous soil are equal to the volume in the capillary range, and non-capillary porosity is equal to the volume of large pits between the elements of the macrostructure. Keywords. Lithosphere, radiating rocks, reclamation state, microflora. The soil is a natural structure formed from the change of lithospheric surface floors under the influence of water, air and living organisms and made up of genetically interconnected horizons; the surface and fertile layer of the Earth's crust. The most important feature of the soil, which differs from the radiating rocks, is its fertility. Soil science is engaged in such issues as the study of soil and the compilation of its classification, the development of methods for improving its composition and increasing its fertility. The main factors that make up the soil are: climate, soil native sex, flora and fauna, terrain and geological age of the area and human economic activity. Rock rocks that rise to the surface of the earth are eroded (irradiated) under the influence of precipitation, carbon dioxide, oxygen, air temperature, mechanical forces, water and substances dissolved in it, air, microorganisms and tuberous plants (or lichens). The radiating rocks are crushed to form a porous layer. This layer acquires a new property over time — a moist capacity and a small amount of nutrients that plants can absorb. Microorganisms in the emerging new environment create conditions for the growth of plants due to their life activity, plants absorb and accumulate in themselves the necessary nutrients for their life from the soil. Part of the destroyed plant decomposes under the influence of microorganisms and turns into minerals, and the rest into humus (humus) as a result of complex biochemical processes. All these processes take place in conditions of continuous irradiation, as well as the sour substances secreted by the plant roots, as well as organic residues. The soil is composed of solid, liquid, gaseous and living components. Their ratio to each other is different T.not only larda, but also different in different layers of one https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj 1 3 3 Volume-38_Issue-1_April-2025 World scientific research journal soil type. Mineral substances make up the solid part of the soil. In natural deposition, solid particles occupy a certain part of the mass of the soil, and the rest is made up of pits (porosity), which have different sizes and shapes in the range of particles and their aggregates. The total sum of these spaces is called soil porosity. Soil porosity is Capillary and non-capillary. Small particles of capillary porous soil are equal to the volume in the capillary range, and non-capillary porosity is equal to the volume of large pits between the elements of the macrostructure. The porosity of the mineral part of the soil is around 40-60%, and in swampy and glazed soils it is around 27%. Porosity depends on the specific and volume weight of the soil. Earth in the composition, which makes up the liquid part of the soil in the pits. The air permeability of the soil is the right proportional size to the amount of air in it, and depends on the structure, structure and water resistance of the soil.The specific mass of the soil is determined by the ratio of the weight of a certain volume of soil solid to the weight of water of the same volume obtained at 4°. T. the specific mass of mineral parts depends on the mineralogical composition and the content of organic substances in it (ranges from 2.50— 2.80 g/cm3). The density of intact soil is said to be the weight of 1 cm3 soil weight in its natural state per gram, and is determined by the porosity of the soil and the average density of the solid phase. The chemical composition, physicochemical, physicochemical and other properties of the soil that determine the level of fertility depend to some extent on the nature and composition of the absorbing complex in it. Depending on the characteristics of this absorbent complex of the soil, measures for improving the land are prescribed. The living component of the soil is soil microorganisms (see microflora), many groups of invertebrates — from representatives of the simplest animals, earthworms, molluscs, insects, and Earth-carving vertebrates (hummingbirds, mice, rats), etc.k.formed from dan. Based on the circulation and resettlement of substances in nature, soil morphology, composition and properties change along the profile from top to bottom according to a certain law and are manifested in the alternation of soil horizons. Therefore, the improper use of soil cover, which is on