CHANGES IN THE ORAL CAVITY DURING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE

Аннотация

Stomatitis is an inflammatory process on the oral mucosa caused by the immune system's reaction to an irritant from the external environment. It manifests itself as swelling, redness and ulcers on the walls of the mucous membranes. This disease requires immediate treatment. If you delay, you cannot do without antibiotics, stomatitis spreads to healthy tissues. In addition, the patient cannot eat food calmly, he is bothered by a burning sensation, painful sensations when chewing food and talking. Key words : chronic gastroduodenitis, primary inflammation, stomatitis, harmful microorganisms, propolis infusion, swelling, redness, bacteria. When the mucous membrane covering the hard and soft palate, lips, gums, cheeks, floor of the mouth, lower and back surface of the tongue becomes inflamed, it is stomatitis. To this day, chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis remains one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa in the practice of a dentist. According to the World Health Organization, this pathology affects up to 20% of the population. Patients experience severe pain and burning from a variety of irritants, including during speech, eating, which in turn leads to a decrease in social adaptation. The oral mucosa has a number of features: it is resistant to the effects of physical, thermal and chemical irritants, prevents the introduction of infectious agents, and has increased regenerative capacity. The prevalence of diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract in adolescence is high and, according to a number of authors, amounts to 60% to 70% of gastroenterological pathology, including the majority of which is chronic Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–4_ Январь –2025 245 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT gastroduodenitis: from 65% to 80% of cases, while Helicobacter infection pylori accounts for 80% to 83% of sick adolescents. It is important to note that the studies conducted suggest that in combination with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis increases to 11.6% and in some cases can reach up to 40-50% of cases. In long-term pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, as a rule, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa and small intestine develop, which is combined with the appearance of aphthae on the oral mucosa. The phylogenetic unity of the digestive tract suggests that erosive and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa are a reflection of inflammatory changes in the underlying parts of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, the manifestation of recurrent aphthous stomatitis may be one of the first symptoms of exacerbation of chronic gastroduodenitis. Many diseases are united under one term - common and rare, occurring both in adults and . According to statistics, symptoms of stomatitis can be found in every fifth inhabitant of the planet. Therefore, everyone should know about it. This is a generalized name for diseases that affect the mucous membrane, causing ulcers in the mouth of adults and children. The wound may appear on the cheek, palate, throat, gums or lips. The manifestation of the pathology is swelling, redness, single or multiple painful ulcers (aphthae). Generalized stomatitis (affects most of the mouth) is similar to a rash in the form of blisters, yellow sores or white ulcers in the mouth. Sometimes there is a burning sensation in the mouth, dryness due to changes in the composition of saliva ( xerotomy ). During the disease, taste sensations and sensitivity may change, chewing becomes difficult, and patients with weak immunity are at risk of re-infection. In the general system of providing medical care to patients in dental medical organizations, 17.96% of the total number of those seeking dental care are patients with a complete absence of teeth in one or both jaws. People using dentures often develop candidal stomatitis, especially if patients use a removable denture made of acrylic plastic. According to medical research, 15-30% of people without inflammatory complications have Candida fungi on the mucous membrane of the denture bed and the adjacent surface of a complete removable denture. The presence of fungi is Выпуск журнала №-18 Часть–4_ Январь –2025 246 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT possible in a slightly acidic environment (pH 5.8-6.5), while they produce enzymes and break down proteins, carbohydrates, fats, keratin. This leads to damage to the structure of the prosthetic material, especially acrylic, including due to organic acids such as citric, oxalic, succinic, acetic, lactic, etc. When plastic ages, when its physical and chemical properties change, additional conditions are created for the best development of fungi. Symptoms The disease has all the classic signs of local inflammation - the mucous membrane swells, turns red and becomes painful. Because of the pain, it is difficult to eat, brush your teeth and even talk. If there are no other symptoms, doctors diagnose simple, or catarrhal, stomatitis. Bu