TUBERKULYOZ KASALLIGIGA BAKTERIOLOGIK TASHXIS QO’YISH USULLARI

Аннотация

This article presents scientific research and information on the morphological, physiological, pathogenic, structural structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methods of correct diagnosis, and ways to combat the pathogen. 5 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ISSN: 3060-4745 IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024 Volume 2, Issue 5 All these studies and research were conducted at the Turk-Lab-Med “KANI- LAB” laboratory center established in the Turkish-Uzbek cooperation in Surkhandarya region and at the “Microbiology” training laboratory of Termez State University. As a result of these studies, pathological microorganisms belonging to the Mycobacteria family were studied in modern and scientific laboratories in the city of Termez, and diagnostic and comparative analysis of various diseases caused by them were carried out. In particular, mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, was studied in laboratory conditions and its specific characteristics were determined and analyzed. Keywords: Mycobacteria, tuberculosis bacteria, saliva lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin, goblet cells, ciliated epithelium, mannose receptors, alveolar macrophages. MAQOLANING DOLZARBLIGI. Ma'lumki, mikrobiologik tekshirish natijalariga asoslangan holda yuqumli kasalliklarga aniq tashxis qo'yish mumkin. Bunda shu kasalliklarga sabab boʻlgan mikrob sof holda ajratib olinib, uning hamma xususiyatlari oʻrganib chiqiladi. Hozirgi kunda yer yuzida turli xil kasalliklar ortib borishi sababli bu kasalliklarni aniqlash, bakteriologik laboratoriyalarda tekshirish va ularga to’g’ri tashxis qo’yish kabi muammolar insonning salomatligiga bo’lgan e’tiborni yanada kuchaytirishga olib keladi. Ayniqsa tuberkulyoz kasalligini keltirib chiqaruvchi mycobacterium tuberculosisning dunyo miqyosida kundan kunga oshib borishi, bu kasallikka to’g’ri tashxis qo’yish va xususiyatlarini o’rganish juda dolzarb va ahamiyatlidir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleksining (MTBC – M. tuberculosis complex) bir a’zosi bo’lgan mycabacterium tuberculosis bir qancha bakteriyalar guruhiga aloqador va bu mikroorganizmlar odam va hayvonlarda patogenlik qiladi. 1-rasm. Yuqori nafas yo'llarining shilliq qavatining tuzilishi 6 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ISSN: 3060-4745 IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024 Volume 2, Issue 5 2-rasm. Mikobakteriyalarning to'liq bo'lmagan fagotsitozi. ISHNNING MATERIALLARI VA UNI BAJARISH USULLARI. Silni laboratoriya diagnostikasi uchun asosiy va qo'shimcha tadqiqot usullari qo'llaniladi. Asosiy usullar quyidagilar: - bakterioskopik usul (yorug'lik va lyuminestsent mikroskopiya); - bakteriologik usul. Qo'shimcha usullar quyidagilar: - biologik usul; - serologik usul; - teri allergiyasi testlari; - polimeraza zanjiri reaktsiyasi (PCR). O'rganilayotgan materialpatologik lokalizatsiyaga qarab jarayonga balg'am, bronxial aspirat, oqma oqishi, CSF, siydik va najas kiradi.[1] Bakterioskopik tekshirish uchun smearlar tayyorlanadi va Ziehl-Neelsen yoki ftoroxrom bilan bo'yaladi. Preparatlarda bitta mikobakteriyalar aniqlanishi mumkin, agar 1 ml balg'amda kamida 105-106 ta bakterial hujayralar bo'lishi kerak. Ushbu usullar oddiy va samaralidir. Ular quyidagi bemorlarni tekshirishda qo'llaniladi: - sil kasalligi belgilari bo'lgan shaxslar (3 haftadan ortiq balg'amli yo'tal); ko'krak og'rig'i, hemoptizi, vazn yo'qotish); sil bakteriyasi bilan kasallangan bemorlar bilan 7 Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ISSN: 3060-4745 IF(Impact Factor)10.41 / 2024 Volume 2, Issue 5 aloqada bo'lgan shaxslar (patogenni tashqi muhitga chiqarish); o'pkada shubhali rentgenografik sil kasalligi o'zgarishlari bo'lgan shaxslar. Ko'pincha o'rganilayotgan materialda mikobakteriyalarning kontsentratsiyasi past bo'ladi, shuning uchun ularni aniqlash ehtimolini oshirish uchun ular foydalanadilar. usullari boyitish: sentrifugalash va flotatsiya. Sentrifugalash usulida tadqiq qilinganlarni qayta ishlashni ta'minlaydi va ishqor bilan material, keyin sentrifugalashni talab qiladi. Mikroskopiya uchun preparat cho'kindidan tayyorlanadi. Flotatsiya usuli- o'rganilayotgan materialni qayta ishlashni o'z ichiga oladi ya’ni ishqor va ksilen yoki benzol aralashmasi. Namuna kuchli silkitiladi. Olingan ko'pik mikobakteriyalarni yuzaga chiqaradi. Olingan ko'pikdan mikroskopiya uchun preparat tayyorlanadi. Kislotaga chidamli mikobakteriyalar soni (KUM), materialni bakterioskopik tekshirish paytida aniqlangan, bemorning epidemik xavflilik darajasini va kasallikning og'irligini tavsiflaydi. Shuning uchun, mikroskopiyani amalga oshirayotganda, natijalarning miqdoriy tahlilini o'tkazish juda muhimdir. [2] TAJRIBA NATIJALARI. Mikroskopik tekshirishning miqdoriy natijalari laboratoriya jurnalida va materialni tekshirish uchun yuborgan tibbiyot muassasasin