LEXICAL BORROWINGS AND NEOLOGISMS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY: THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Аннотация

Totemism is an ancient belief system that establishes a symbolic relationship between humans and natural entities, such as animals, plants, or celestial objects. These totems often serve as emblems of clans, tribes, or social groups, embodying spiritual, cultural, and linguistic significance. In linguoculture – a field that explores the intersection of language and culture – totemism plays a crucial role in shaping myths, rituals, taboos, and even linguistic expressions. This article examines totemism as a linguocultural phenomenon , analyzing its influence on Uzbek language, identity, and collective memory across different societies, whereas explores how totemic concepts survive in modern Uzbek linguoculture. Аннотация: Тотемизм – это древняя система верований, которая устанавливает символическую связь между людьми и природными сущностями, такими как животные, растения или небесные объекты. Эти тотемы часто служат эмблемами кланов, племен или социальных групп, воплощая духовное, культурное и языковое значение. В лингвокультуре –области, которая исследует пересечение языка и культуры – тотемизм играет решающую роль в формировании мифов, ритуалов, табу и даже языковых выражений. В этой статье рассматривается тотемизм как лингвокультурный феномен, анализируется его влияние на узбекский язык, идентичность и коллективную память в разных обществах, а также изучается, как тотемические концепции выживают в современной узбекской лингвокультуре. Key words: totemism, linguoculture, Uzbek traditions, clan, trace, logo, shamanic traditions, ancestral symbols. Totemism is an ancient belief system that establishes a symbolic relationship between humans and natural entities, such as animals, plants, or celestial objects. These totems often serve as emblems of clans, tribes, or social groups, embodying spiritual, cultural, and linguistic significance. In linguoculture—a field that explores the intersection of language and culture—totemism plays a crucial role in shaping myths, rituals, taboos, and even linguistic expressions. This article examines totemism as a linguocultural phenomenon , analyzing its influence on Uzbek language, identity, and collective memory across different 69 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman societies, whereas explores how totemic concepts survive in modern Uzbek linguoculture. Totemism originates from indigenous traditions, particularly among Native American, Aboriginal Australian, and African cultures. The term "totem" derives from the Ojibwe word *"odoodem"*, meaning "kindship group." Totems are not merely symbols but are often considered ancestral spirits or protectors, linking human communities to the natural world. Uzbek culture, with its rich nomadic heritage and Central Asian roots, preserves fascinating remnants of totemic beliefs. While Islam became dominant in the region, pre-Islamic Turkic and Persian influences left lasting marks on Uzbek language, folklore, and identity through animal symbolism, clan traditions, and nature reverence. This article explores how totemic concepts survive in modern Uzbek linguoculture. 1. Historical Roots of Uzbek Totemism Uzbek totemism blends: - Ancient Turkic animism (worship of sky, wolves, eagles) - Persian Zoroastrian influences (sacred fire, dog symbolism) - Shamanic traditions (animal spirit guides) - Islamic adaptation (where some symbols were reinterpreted) Key totemic animals in Uzbek history: - Qoplon (Snow Leopard) - Symbol of power and mountains - Burgut (Eagle) - Vision and freedom - Böri (Wolf) - Ancestral guide (from Turkic legend of Asena) - Ilon (Snake) - Wisdom and protection 2. Totemic Traces in Uzbek Language Proverbs and Idioms Uzbek proverbs fossilize ancient animal symbolism: - "Bo’ri bilan birga yurgan, it bo'lmas" ("Who walks with wolves won't become a dog") → Strength through association - "Burgutdek nazar" ("Eagle-eyed gaze") → Keen observation - "Qoplon yurak" ("Snow leopard heart") → Courage Clan and Family Names Some Uzbek surnames/tribal names reflect totemic origins: - Boriyev (from *böri* - wolf) - Qushchi (from *qush* - bird, often eagle) - Yulbarsov (from *yulbars* - tiger/snow leopard) Avoidance Language While not as strict as Australian Aboriginal taboos, traces exist: - Hunters might use "o'rmon bekasi" (forest master) instead of “Ayiq” (bear) 70 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman - Snakes called "pirim" (my elder) in respectful contexts 3. Totemic Symbols in Uzbek Culture National and Regional Emblems - Khumo Bird (Semurg) - Mythical bird in Navoi's poetry, symbolizing enlightenment - Snow Leopard - Featured in Alpinist Association logos, representing mountain spirit - Horses - Though not totems per se, they function as cultural symbols of freedom Folk Art and Crafts - Suzani embroidery often includes stylized birds (ancestral messengers) - Woodcarving features wolf and