THE CREATIVE LEGACY AND ACTIVITIES OF ABDULLA AVLONIY

Аннотация

This article is prepared to introduce the life and work of the great figure of Uzbek literature, Abdulla Avloniy, as well as to highlight his contributions to the development of his homeland. Keywords: creativity, poet, school,enlightener, lesson, education, upbringing. Abdulla Avloniy (July 12, 1878, Tashkent – August 25, 1934, Tashkent) was one of the prominent representatives of Uzbek national culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Hewas an enlightened poet, playwright, journalist, scholar, statesman, and publicfigure. The prominent enlightener, talented poet, and educator Abdulla Avloniy was born on July 12, 1878, in Tashkent into a craftsman’s family and received his early education at a traditional school.In hisautobiography, hewrote: "At the age of 12,I began studying at a madrasa in the O‘qchi neighborhood. From the age of 13, I worked as a laborer during the summers to support my family and studied during the winters. By the age of 14, I had started writing various poems in accordance with the literary norms of the time. During this period, I began reading the newspaper ‘Tarjimon’ and became awareoftheworld around me." After completing his studies at the madrasa, Avloniy became a schoolteacher. He reformed teaching and learning methods and established a new type of school. His educational work focused on providing modern knowledge to young teachers and students, andheemphasized the teaching ofboth Eastern and Western languages. Avloniy authored several groundbreaking textbooks for schoolchildren, including “The First Teacher,” “The Second Teacher” (1912), “History”, and “Turkiy Guliston or Ethics” (1913). His creative activity began in 1895, and he wrote poems, stories, feuilletons, and short plays under various pen names such as Qobil, Shuhrat, Hijron, Avloniy, Surayyo, Abulfayz, and Indamas. In his works, the poet criticized the ignorance and backwardness of his time and called uponpeople to pursueknowledge and enlightenment. At the beginning of the 20th century, Avloniy joined the Jadidism movementadd the and became known as one of the active participants among the Jadids in Tashkent. He began publishing his poems in the press in 1906. Avloniy studied Arabic, Persian, and Russian, and read the works of thinkers who wrote in those languages. He also translated some of them intoUzbek, including theworks ofLeoTolstoy andKonstantin Ushinsky. In 1906, he published the newspaper “Taraqqiy” (Progress), and in 1907, he started publishing “Shuhrat” (Glory) from his own home. After both newspapers were shut down by the authorities, he launched a secret newspaper titled “Osiyo” (Asia) in 1908. However, this newspaperwas also banned bythegovernment after thesixthissue. page161 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Avloniy was among the first to propose teaching subjects such as chemistry, geography, physics, and astronomy in schools. He sought to spread progressive ideas to the people through education. In 1908, he opened a new-method school in the Mirobod neighborhood of Tashkent for local children, where hepersonally taught Uzbek language and literature. In 1909, he founded the “Charity Society” (Jamiyati xayriya) and organized education for orphaned children. That same year, he published the first part of his four-volume poetry collection titled “Literature or National Poems” (Adabiyot yoxud milliy she’rlar). In 1912, Avloniy opened a two-grade secular school in the Degrez neighborhood of Tashkent, which differed from traditionalreligious schools byoffering instruction inmodern sciences. Avloniy authored and published various textbooks and reading materials for the new- method schools. Among his most notableworks are “The First Teacher” (1911), “The Second Teacher” (1912), “Turkiy Guliston or Ethics” (1913), the four-volume poetry collection “Literature or National Poems” (1909–1915), “The School Garden” (1915), “The Song of the Laborers”(1917), and others. Together with other progressive intellectuals such as Munavvarqori, Muhammadjon Podshokhojayev, Tavallo, Rustambek Yusufbekov, Nizomiddin Khojayev, and Shokirjon Rahimiy, he established publishing and educational companies like “Nashriyot” (1914) and “Maktab” (1916). Avloniy also used theatre as a means to raise public consciousness. In 1913, he actively participated in the creation and activities of the “Turkiston” theatrical troupe. Between 1910 and 1916, he translated and staged several plays. His theatrical works were performed in cities such as Tashkent, Fergana, Andijan, Kokand, and Khujand, reflecting vividportrayals oflifeinTurkestan at thebeginning of the20th century. The renowned Uzbek actor Mannon Uyghur was trained in Avloniy's troupe. The troupe also collaborated with Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy and Azerbaijani playwrights such as Uzeyir Hajibeyov and Ruhulla. After the O