TRANSLATION METHOD AND ITS MAIN ESSENCE

Аннотация

Translation is the process of transforming one language into another, which requires taking into account not only words, but also culture, context, and the author's intention. Translation methods depend on many factors, including the type of text, target audience, and cultural differences. The article analyzes the classification of translation methods, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the difficulties that arise during the translation process. The possibilities of using modern technologies and programs to increase theeffectiveness of translation methods are also considered. Key words:translation, translation method,culture, context,communication, technologies. Translation style is a method that is selected in the translation process according to the stylistic type of the text and the translator's purpose. The "translation method" proposed by many foreign translation scholars determines the methods, ways, and styles of translation, and taking into account the selection of the text according to its stylistic type, therefore, since our research is carried out in the field of translation studies, in this study we used the term "translation style" in relation to "translation method". In the history of translation studies, the term "translation style" was first used by Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC). Cicero was the first to use literal and literal translation methods.1 In our opinion, Cicero used the original text from beginning to end to become a translated text using the literal or literal translation method. N.N. Nelyubin's dictionary defines "translation style as different from translation page60 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai method and not based on generally accepted laws, but as the process of implementing a system of interrelated methods aimed at a certain goal by the translator, taking into account the type and methods of translation." Literal translation is mainly used when the grammatical structure of the source and target languages ​ ​ is the same. This is because in such situations, grammatical changes do not occur. When translating a text from one language to another, special attention should be paid to two aspects of the text. These are form and meaning. Larson in his work “Meaning based translation” expresses the following ideas: “Because a given 30text has both form and meaning, there are two main kinds oftranslations. One is form-based and the other is meaning-based”. Form-based translation tries to match the form of the source language and is known as literal translation. Meaning-based translation makes every effort to convey the meaning of the source language text in natural forms in the target language. Such a translation is called idiomatic translation. We can also express this in this way: while literal translation attempts to adapt the form in the original language, idiomatic translation attempts to express the meaning in the original language. Literal translation is a mirror of the structure of the original language, which makes the translation difficult to understand and may distortthe original meaning. Ideomatic translation follows the structure of the target language and expresses the original meaning in a natural way in the target language. Free translation follows the structure of the target language more closely, someparts of the original source may be changed or distorted. Styles, ways ofusing language tools in speech, phonetic, lexical, phraseological and grammatical features of the use of units are studied in the methodological department of linguistics. Through style, the speaker expresses his or her attitude to people, objects, and events occurring around him or her. Catford also introduced three popular types of translation: word-for-word translation, free translation, and literal translation. He rates thesetranslation types as follows: "Word-for-word translation generally means what it says: i.e. is essentially rankbound at word-rank (but may include some morphemes-morphemes equivalences). Free translation is always unbounded—equivalences shunt up and down the rank scale, but tends to be at the higher ranks—sometimes between larger unitsthan thesentence. Literal translation is between word-for-word translation and free translation. It may start, as it were, from a word-for-word translation, but make changes in conformity with TL grammar (e.g. inserting additional word, changing structure at any rank, etc.); this may make it a group-group or clause-clause translation”. Translation methods are mainly divided into the following categories.Strict translation: this method tries to preserve the content and structure of the author's original text. Strict translation isoften used in translating literary works. •Advantages: preserves thefeel and style of theoriginal text. •Disadvantages: sometimesit is