THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANT THINKING OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS.

Аннотация

Статья посвящена теоретико-методологическим основам формирования и развития толерантного мышления будущих специалистов социальной работы. В статье представлено понятие толерантности, ее роль в социальной работе, компоненты толерантного 44 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference мировоззрения, а также педагогические и методические основы формирования этого мировоззрения. Подробно рассматриваются вопросы интеграции толерантности в систему образования, необходимые курсы и методики в учебных программах, а также различные методы развития толерантности на практике. В статье также подчеркивается важность толерантного мышления в социальной работе и его влияние на профессиональный успех. Формирование толерантности в социальной работе требует системного и непрерывного подхода, при котором методологии и практики должны соответствовать друг другу. Ключевые слова: толерантность, социальная работа, мышление, педагогические основы, методология, практика, толерантность, эмпатия, мультикультурализм, социальные услуги, система образования, профессиональная подготовка, гуманистический подход. In modern society, cooperation, tolerance, mutual respect and compromise are among the important values among people. Especially in countries with multinational, multi-faith and diverse cultures, these values are necessary to ensure social stability in society. From this perspective, the mindset of tolerance should be formed as one of the main competencies in the professional training of social workers. In particular, today, the establishment of Social Work Departments in higher educational institutions in order to improve the social life of society is being manifested as a form of state social policy aimed directly at improving the social lifestyle of people. In particular, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoev’s Decree No. PF-82 dated June 1, 2023 “On comprehensive measures to provide high-quality social services and assistance to the population and establish an effective control system for them”[1], Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-319 dated September 28, 2023 “On measures to further improve the system of providing social services and assistance to the population”[2], Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 654 dated October 21, 2021 “On measures to further improve the system of social protection of the population” and other regulatory and legal documents indicate the relevance of this area.[3] The field of social work is aimed at working directly with people, understanding their problems and helping them, and professionals in this profession must have the skills to communicate effectively with people of different categories. Tolerance is not only tolerance, but also understanding, respecting and accepting the worldview, lifestyle and values of others.[4] 45 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Theoretical foundations of the concept of tolerance. 1. Tolerance (lat. tolerantia - endurance, tolerance) is an approach based on understanding and respect towards people with different opinions, beliefs, cultures and lifestyles. This concept is closely related to human rights, democracy, civil society and sustainable development. 2. A tolerant mindset is a person’s ability to understand others, recognize their uniqueness, accept the existence of opposing views and evaluate them correctly. This mindset should be combined with a conscious approach and ethical position. 3. The role of tolerance in social work. A social worker deals with the following problems: • working with people with disabilities; • establishing contact with the elderly and lonely; • working with migrants or national minorities; • dealing with family and children’s problems.[5] In each case, a social worker must be respectful and tolerant towards people with different worldviews. Components of tolerant thinking. Tolerant thinking is multifaceted and consists of the following components: 1. Cognitive component - Knowledge about others: awareness of different cultures, religions, beliefs and traditions. 2. Emotional component - Empathy, sympathy and the ability to understand the situation of other people. 3. Volitional component - Patience in difficult situations, a positive approach and the desire to resolve the situation peacefully. 4. Moral (ethical) component - The ideas of justice, respect for human rights, equality and humanity. Pedagogical foundations of the formation of tolerant thinking. 1. Approach in the education system The following are important in the training of future social workers: • Humanistic approach - a student-centered approach. • Dialogic education - open communication, appreciation of diversity of opinions. • Interactive methods - trainings, role-playing games, debates. 2. Integrating tolerance into the curriculum To develop tolerance compe