Information technologies in higher education of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

to concrete. Organization of educational process, curricula and science qualitative renewal of the educational process with the introduction of modern forms of training and information and communication technologies, improvement of the programs of higher and secondary special education of the Republic of Uzbekistan due to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 11, 2019 N UP-5763 "On measures to reform the management in the field of higher and secondary special education" in accordance with international practice of the introduction of new pedagogical technologies and teaching methods as one of the tasks of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan[1]. Until recently, distance education, part-time education, open-ended training and others were virtually indistinguishable. However, distance learning has now proven to be significant and in demand. The future of distance learning and its prospects for lifelong learning are recognized by education professionals. But so far, the question remains: Is distance education a form of education or technology? Correct understanding of this question is important in determining the tactics and strategies for implementing distance education. The history of distance learning spans almost two centuries. With the emergence of a permanent, regular postal service in Europe at the end of the eighteenth century, "correspondent education" has emerged. Students receive study material in the mail, 76 International Conference “Science of the 21st century: society and digitalization” Conference Proceedings. Scope Academic House, January 30, 2021, Sheffield, UK. contact the teacher by letter, and pass the exams in the form of a trustee or a scholarly paper. In Russia, this method appeared in the late 19th century. The early 20th century is characterized by technological advancements, telegraphy and the availability of phones. However, there is no concrete data on their use in the educational process. At the same time, the "correspondence education" was still in progress. Many universities around the world still use it. In 1969 the first distance learning university in the world was opened in the UK and it was called the UK Open University. It was called because of the low tuition fees and the absence of need for regular training. Universities with distance learning programs are: University of South Africa (1946), FemUniversitat in Hagen (Germany, 1974), National Technological University (USA, 1984), INTEC College (South Africa), Spanish National University for Distance Education, UK Open University Open Business School, Australian Regional Information Network[16]. In the late 1980s personal computers provided new hope for simplification and automation of education. Computer training programs have come up with various games on early computers. In 1988 the Soviet-American project “School e-mail” was implemented. In the 21st century, the advancement of computers and the Internet has led to the expansion of distance learning. The Internet is a step ahead of radio and television. There was an opportunity to establish a relationship between both the teacher and the student, at long distances. With the spread of the “rapid Internet”, online seminars began to be used for educational purposes. At present, researchers and practitioners give different definitions of distance learning. Distance learning is a synthetic, integrated, humanistic form of learning based on the use of traditional and new information technologies and techniques used to deliver learning material, study it independently, and facilitate dialogue between teachers and students. At the same time, this form of education is indifferent to the location in the space and time of the teacher and pupil and to a particular educational institution [2]. Distance learning is a form of education, which is implemented through special Internet technologies and other means of interaction, in which the teacher and student interact remotely and reflects all elements of the learning process (goals, content, methods, organizational forms, learning tools). [3, P.17]. Distance learning is a technology of distance learning where teachers and students are physically in different places. Previously, distance learning was part-time. It is now a teaching tool that uses case studies, TV and network technologies [4]. It is clear from the above definitions that there is no uniform understanding of the nature of distance learning. The technologies of distance learning are the following technologies. SD-technology - educational materials are provided to students in printed and multimedia (SD-ROMs, DVDs). This technology is often used in conjunction with full-time training (with lectures, seminars, trainings and supervision). Part of the communication with the teacher (for example, consultations), as well as access to information from the electronic library and university databases is imp