ALCULATION OF EXPENSES AND INCOME IN THE PROCESS OF NATURAL GAS DELIVERY

Аннотация

This study analyzes the expenses and income involved in the process of delivering natural gas to consumers. Using the example of capital expenditure calculations, the economic efficiency of installing new pipelines, replacing outdated ones, project planning, and other necessary technical measures is examined. The total costs for each type of activity are identified, and the overall project cost is analyzed. Keywords: Natural gas, capital expenditure, economic analysis, pipeline installation, income, depreciation, investment. Introduction. Efficient use of energy resources and their delivery to the population is one of the key directions in the development of the modern economy. In particular, the process of delivering natural gas to consumers requires a substantial amount of financial and technical resources. It is important to determine capital expenditures, conduct an economic analysis, and evaluate the efficiency of this process. This article analyzes the financial indicators of works carried out in the natural gas delivery process—such as installing new pipelines, replacing outdated ones, and other technical measures. Based on this analysis, the economic feasibility of the projects is determined, and optimal investment directions are proposed. Analyzing the expenses and income in the natural gas delivery process and calculating financial indicators is essential. Table 1 Calculation of Capital Expenditures for Natural Gas Delivery to Consumers Unit Cost Total Cost Type of Expense Duration Quantity (USD) (USD) Installation of new pipelines 1 year 10 km 50,000 500,000 Replacement of outdated 1 year 4 km 50,000 200,000 pipelines Design and construction 1 year 1 project 150,000 150,000 Installation of compressor 1 year 2 units 50,000 100,000 60 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Unit Cost Total Cost Type of Expense Duration Quantity (USD) (USD) stations Installation of monitoring and 1 year 1 project 50,000 50,000 control system New equipment 1 year 10 units 5,000 50,000 Training and staff 10 1 year 5,000 50,000 development persons Total 1,075,000 The following indicators are taken into account to implement the project. Capital expenditures are allocated for the construction of new infrastructure and the replacement of outdated pipelines. 1.Installation of New Pipelines: Includes the cost of pipelines and installation works required for laying new pipelines. The cost of installing 10 km of pipelines is calculated at USD 50,000 per kilometer. 2.Replacement of Outdated Pipelines: Includes the cost of replacing outdated pipelines and the associated installation works. The cost of replacing 4 km of pipelines is calculated at USD 50,000 per kilometer. 3.Design and Construction: Covers the overall design and construction works of the project. 4.Installation of Compressor Stations: Includes the cost of installing 2 compressor stations, each at a price of USD 50,000, to maintain and transmit gas pressure. 5.Installation of Monitoring and Control System: Covers the cost of installing a system for monitoring and controlling gas delivery. 6.New Equipment: Involves the purchase of 10 new devices for measurement and monitoring, each costing USD 5,000. 7.Training and Staff Development: Includes the cost of training workers in new technologies and systems. Capital expenditures are primarily allocated for the construction of new infrastructure and the renewal of outdated pipelines. 61 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Table 2 Calculation of Capital Expenditures Cost Type of Expense (USD) Installation of new pipelines 500,000 Replacement of outdated 200,000 pipelines Design and construction 150,000 Technical equipment 100,000 Total 950,000 Operational expenditures include maintenance, repair, and general operational costs. Table 3 Calculation of Operational Expenditures in Natural Gas Delivery Cost Type of Expense (USD) Technical maintenance 50,000 Repair costs 30,000 Labor force 100,000 Administrative 20,000 expenses Total 210,000 Revenue from Natural Gas Sales and Fees for Additional Services Revenue. This includes proceeds from the sale of gas and payments received for additional services. Table 4 Revenue from Natural Gas Sales Source Revenue (USD/year) Gas sales 1,200,000 Additional services 50,000 62 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Source Revenue (USD/year) Total 1,250,000 Financial Indicators Financial indicators are used to determine the economic efficiency of a project or process. Annual Profit: Revenue – Operational Expenses 1,250,000 USD – 210,000 USD = 1,040,000 USD Return on Investment (ROI): (Annual Profit / Capital Expenditures) × 100 (1,040,000 USD / 950,000 USD) × 100 = 109.47% Operating Margin: (Annual Profit / Revenue) × 100 (1,040,000 USD / 1,250,000 USD) × 100 = 83.2% Development of Natural Gas Supply to Consumers in Uzbekistan: Challenges and Proposals for Improvement. A