THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR AGAINST FASCISM IN THE PROVINCES OF THE FERGANA VALLEY

Аннотация

В статье анализируются политические, экономические и социальные изменения, произошедшие в регионах Ферганской долины во время Второй мировой войны. В ней освещаются мобилизация местного населения в условиях войны, производственные отрасли, сотрудничество с эвакуированными в регион предприятиями и влияние последствий войны на развитие региона. Ключевые слова: Ферганская долина, война против фашизма, эвакуация, экономическое развитие, социальное воздействие. Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Ikkinchi jahon urushi davrida Farg‘ona vodiysi viloyatlarida yuz bergan siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Unda urush muhitida mahalliy aholi safarbarligi, ishlab chiqarish tarmoqlari, hududga evakuatsiya qilingan korxonalar bilan hamkorlik hamda urush oqibatlarining hudud rivojiga ko‘rsatgan ta’siri yoritib beriladi. Kalit soʻzlar: Farg‘ona vodiysi, fashizmga qarshi urush, evakuatsiya, iqtisodiy rivojlanish, ijtimoiy ta’sir Introduction: During World War II (1939-1945), the struggle against fascist Germany required massive mobilization efforts throughout the Soviet Union . This global dispute also adversely affected the regions of the Fergana Valley: production networks were reorganized, there were radical turns in the lifestyle of the population, evacuated enterprises were united by local economic opportunities. At the same time, the region's natural resources were used to supply the front, with women and adolescents mobilised as Labour. The article will talk about the main factors of these processes, their impact on the economic and social development of the region during the war, as well as the process of post-war reconstruction. 144 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Literature analysis: The processes taking place in the regions of the Fergana Valley in World War II were considered in Soviet historiography in the landscape of economic and political reforms of the general ursh era. Researchers such as Barber and Harrison highlight the effective use of local resources by extensively covering the measures taken on the Soviet Union's home front . Local scientists, on the other hand, focused on such aspects as the specific raw material base of the Fergana Valley (Cotton, Oil, Mining Resources), cooperation with evacuated factories, the issue of labor migrants . At the same time, many scientific works talk about the industrial potential of the Fergana Valley in the process of post-war reconstruction, changes in the consciousness of the population, an increase in the participation of women. It is noted that during this period, political and social factors are strongly reflected in the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the region . Research methodology: Several techniques were used to carry out the study: Historical and analytical method: archival documents, political decisions made during the war, economic indicators were analyzed . Comparative method: the state of the Fergana Valley was compared with other regions of the Soviet Union during the war, differences in resources, labor and industrial forces were determined. Economic analysis: economic growth in the territory was assessed through production indicators, cotton raw materials, oil processing, the activities of evacuated enterprises . Document analysis: including information from local archives as well as official reports compiled during World War II were applied to provide deeper coverage of the aftermath of the war. Results of the analysis: Wartime population mobilization and manpower As many young people from the region went to the front, women, teenagers and the elderly were involved in the production. In order to avoid a reduction in the volume of cotton production in the cotton fields, almost every family worked. At the same time, many women worked in factories-factories, including evacuated enterprises . Cooperation with evacuated enterprises Since the Fergana Valley is rich in sources of cotton, silk, oil, coal, factories specializing in front needs were launched here in a short period of time. For example, metal enterprises, light industrial factories and food processing 145 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference enterprises operated in the valley by combining new technologies with local raw materials. The jobs established at the site helped to maintain economic stability. Economic potential and post-war recovery During World War II, the economic potential of the region could decline. However, thanks to the evacuated specialists and technologies, the areas of light industry, energy, processing of underground resources have been preserved to some extent. After the end of the war, these enterprises served as the foundation for the economic recovery and industrial development of the region . Social consequences During the war years, it became clear that the living conditions of the local population were deteriorating, food shortages, the provision of products