ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF FIRE RISKS AT COAL ENTERPRISES AND MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM

Аннотация

This article provides a deep analysis and assessment of possible fire risks arising in coal mining, as well as methods for their control and measures for their prevention. Also, the work studies thefeatures of firerisks at coal enterprises. Keywords:coal industry, carbon, risk, mines,brown coal, hard coal, firesafety. Introduction. Fire safety is one of the most important components of coal mining operations. The coal industry is characterized by increased risks of fires due to the specifics of working with coal, high temperatures at some stages of processing and mining, and the presence of flammable materials. Assessment and analysis of fire risks, as well as timely measures to prevent them, are key factors contributing to reducing the number of emergencies and ensuring the safety of workers and theenvironment. Currently, there is a significant number ofnormative-technical and normative-legal documents in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan that regulate the assessment of fire risks and describe the methods for their determination at industrial facilities, including in the mining industry. When assessing the compliance of a production facility with security, the parameters, risks and other criteria are examined according to departmental regulatory documents adopted by state executiveauthorities. Coal mining and coal processing enterprises have their own specific features in design, construction, operation, and also assessment of the level of fire safety ofexisting coal enterprises. Coal industry enterprises are subject to increased requirements for labor protection, industrial and fire safety. Most of the structures of coal industry enterprises were erected before the adoption of current methods for assessing fire risks at production facilities and buildings of various functional purposes. This does not allow a full assessment of the actual condition of the facility in accordance with modern coal industry safety requirements, which leads to an increase in individual and social fire risk. Moral and physical deterioration of equipment and structures used also has a detrimental effect on the overall level of labor protection, fire and industrial safety. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 599 A comprehensive fire hazard assessment is the first step in developing a fire protection plan and reducing the risk of death and damage from fire. Fire hazards vary between surface and underground mines and are dependent on the size, structure, materials, equipment and number of personnel in the mine. Engaging a fire safety expert to carry out a detailed risk assessment can reduce thelikelihoodof hazards beingoverlooked inadvertently. fuel Picture1.Triangleof causes offire in amine Although risk factors vary from siteto site, common fire hazards may include mobile equipment, mining rigs, welding and cutting operations, and storage of flammable and combustible liquids (oils, greases, diesel and hydraulic fuels). Mined resources such as coal, coal dust and methane also increase therisk offire. Features offire risksat coal enterprises 1.Ignitionof coal dust and gases. One ofthemain sources offires at coal enterprises is coal dust, which, when released into the air, can form explosive mixtures. Particularly dangerous are areas where coal is mined, as well as areas where it is processed. Coal dust, at certain concentrations and conditions (temperature, humidity, presence of ignition sources), can cause a fire or even an https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 600 explosion. 2. High temperatures in technological processes. During coal mining, processing and transportation, heating of materials may occur, which, in combination with insufficient ventilationand a poorcooling system, creates conditionsfor ignition. 3. Improper storage and transportation of coal. If coal is not stored in designated places or is stacked incorrectly, this may create a risk of fire. It is important to consider that during storage, coal may spontaneously igniteifthetemperature and humidityconditions are not correct. 4. Equipment and wiring. Excessive load on electrical equipment, improper use or poor technical condition can lead to short circuits and fires. It is especially important to properly follow the rules for operating electrical installations, which are often a source of potential hazards at coal enterprises. Yes No Table1.Fire risk assessment scheme Fire risk assessment at coal enterprises includes several key stages: https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 601 1. Identification of sources of danger. At this stage, a detailed inspection and analysis of all technological processes, equipment and potential fire zones is carried out. It is important to identify places where coal dust may accumulate, as well as to establish the presence of potential firesources. 2. Assessing the probability of a fire. For each threat, an assessment of the probability of its occurrence is made. This task is solved