SEMANTICS OF PAIRS OF WORDS THAT COME IN “KUTADGU BILIG”

Аннотация

In this article, a semantic analysis of the pair of words used in the work of Yusuf Khass Hajib “Kutadgu Bilig” is carried out. Through dualistic units, such as "Justice - State", "reason - contentment", "science - practice", which are common in the work, the author expressed the socio-political, moral and philosophical views of his time. Through these pairs of words, issues such as human perfection, public administration and maintaining order in society arehighlighted.​ Keywords: double words, semantics, Yusuf Khass Hajib, “Kutadgu Bilig”, duality units, Justice, State,Intelligence, contentment, science, ethics, philosophy, social order​ . In World linguistics, the history of the language, its stages of development, the study of the social and spiritual value of views on ancient written monuments, and an in-depth analysis of sources that are the product of the thinking of our great ancestors constitute an important scientific direction. Several studies are being carried out in international circles on the study of classical sources. Decisions are being made regarding the appreciation of spiritual heritage, its practical use. The declaration of 2019 as the Year of “Kutadgu Bilig” on the occasion of the 950thanniversary of“Kutadgu Bilig”byUNESCOwas ahuge event inthehistory ofour nation. “Kutadgu Bilig” is one of the first major written monuments of Turkic literature, written by Yusuf Khass Hajib in 1069-1070, the content of which embodies deep philosophical, socio- political and moral ideas. The title of the work means “knowledge towards happiness”. Through this epic, The author promotes the idea of overcoming the social problems that existed in his time, in particular, political instability and division within the Karakhanid state, the formation of a centralized state. The work covers issues such as the fair management of the state, the relationship between the rulerand thepeople, moral values, theimportance of knowledge and enlightenment. Through the four main images, “Kutadgu Bilig” describes the various classes of society and their functions: Kuntugdi – a just ruler; Aytuldi – a symbol of happiness and state; Özgurmis – a symbol of reason and advice; Odgurmis – an expression of contentment and satisfaction. Through theseimages, theauthorpresents amodel of an ideal society. The work is the first example of the didactic epic genre in Uzbek literature, and contains pand- exhortations calling on the people to be science, decency, honesty and a perfect person. In his work, Yusuf Khass Hajib sought to show the potential of the Turkic language, unlike literature written in Arabic and Persian. As a result of his efforts, “Kutadgu Bilig” was widely and highly regarded among Turkic peoples. The work is important not only as a literary, but also as a historical, political and philosophical resource. It reflects the social structure, Public Administration, moral standards and values of https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 596 medieval Turkic society. The work also makes extensive use of elements of folk oral creativity, such as Proverbs, proverbs, and folkloricmotifs. The significance of the “Kutadgu Bilig” is that although it was written in its day, the ideas and pans-exhortations in it remain relevant today. The work is appreciated as a spiritual heritage among Turkic peoples, which has made a significant contribution to the development of Uzbek literature and culture. “Kutadgu Bilig” is not only a literary work, but also a philosophical “pandoma” (exhortation) that offered solutions to the political, social and moral issues of its time. Its content is still relevant today and is an important resource on the way to building a perfect human upbringing andajust society. The purpose and function of fiction is to create a perfect human urine and, through it, to influence the reader's heart. Such moments of influence will consist only of a few of a person's life. In such moments of bliss, pure feelings awaken in the human psyche, noble intentions are born in his mind, he feeds the universe with an enviable and glorious look. All good deeds, great discoveries, incredible miracles in the life of mankind occur in such moments when a person is spiritually elevated. In order to gain perfection and rise spiritually, a person must have good manners and great knowledge. In Yusuf Khass Hajib's “Kutadgu Bilig”, paired words (binary units) have an important semantic load, through which the author expresses the socio-political, moral and philosophical views of his time. These pairs of words are often used in a work to represent opposing or complementary concepts. Forexample, in thefollowing couplet: "Knowtheknowledge great, realizetheblessing, Thetwoexalted theslave, too." “Bilimni buyukbil, uqishnine’mat, Ikkisi yuksaltar qulni hamalbat.” Here, it is emphasized that the acquisition and reading of science through the pair of "knowledge" and "comprehension" elevate the human being. The words "great" and "blessing" f