DISCUSSION OF MORAL-EDUCATIONAL ISSUES IN THE WORK “KUTADGU BILIG”

Аннотация

This article presents examples of such issues from the work “Kutadgu Bilig” by Yusuf Khos Hajib, who contributed to the strong development of the Karakhanid state, in accordance with the educational purpose, such as the importance of acquiring knowledge, the manners of communicating with adults, the need to love work from youth, and how to behave when visiting guests. It also describes the content and essence of the epic “Kutadgu Bilig” created byYusuf Khos Hajib and theplace of thework today. Keywords:Yusuf Khos Hajib, "Kutadgu Bilig" work, knowledge, hospitality, service, etiquette “Bilimni buyuk bil,uquvni ulug‘, Bilimuquvbilan odamzot qutlug‘ ”1 Many intellectual, learned, and patriotic poets and writers have emerged from the pages of history. Among them, the work of Yusuf Khos Hajib, who was a prominent figure of his time, "Kutadgu Bilig" is still appreciated by readers without losing its value. Yusuf Khos Hajib is a great thinker, poet, and statesman of the literature of the Turkic peoples. The epic poem "Kutadgu Bilig" written by the poet is the first major example of Turkish written fiction and is considered the only literary heritage that has come down to us from Yusuf Khos Hajib. It artistically expresses the complex of socio-political, moral-educational, philosophical-mystical views of the creator, who was a prominent wise man and progressive intellectual of his time, in a unique style. Very little information has been preserved about the life and work of Yusuf Khos Hajib. More precisely, we have the opportunity to form certain ideas about his life path based on some hints in the author's own work "Kutadgu Bilig" ("Knowledge Leading to Happiness"). The poet was born in Bolosogun (Kuz Ordu), one of the major cultural centers and capital cities of the Karakhanids. In the introduction to the epic, the writer describes the land where he was born as follows: Munuqiturug‘laq QuzO‘rdu eli, Tub-asli, nasabdin yurumish tili. Meaning: Buning tug ‘ilgan eli QuzO‘rdudir, 11.Kutadgubilig.J/II:8-grade/YusufKhosHojib.-Tashkent:GafurGhulomPublishingHouse,2015-40p. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 565 Tub-asli, nasl-nasabidan tiliso‘zochdi. The poet notes that he was in his fifties when he wrote the epic. The hints given in the work about the date of writing of “Kutadgu Bilig” allow us to determine the year of Yusuf Khos Hajib’s birth. Thepoet wrotethefollowing lines about this inthe epic: Yilaltmish eki erdi to‘rtyuz bila, Bu so‘z so‘zladimmantutib jan sura. Tugal o‘nsakkizoyda aydim buso‘z, O‘rdurum, adirdim, so‘zevdibtera. From the cited quote, it is known that the writer finished writing "Kutadgu Bilig" in 462 AH (1069-1070). Considering that the poet was fifty years old when he began writing the epic, it becomes clear that he was born in 410 AH (1019). The author also mentions that he began writing the epic "Kutadgu Bilig" in Bolosogun and completed it in Kashgar. Yusuf Khos Hajib presented his work to Tavgach Bugra Khan (Tavgach Ulug Bugra Khan Abo Ali Hasan binni Arslan Khan), one of the rulers of the Karakhanids. The ruler highly appreciated the poet's work and gave him the title of "Khos Hajib" (close friend, door keeper). After that, he became known as Yusuf Khos Hajib. Three manuscripts of “Kutadgu Bilig” have survived to us. One of them was copied in Uyghur script and is kept in Vienna. Two manuscripts in Arabic script, one in Cairo, and the other in Tashkent. The original of “Kutadgu Bilig” begins with a prose introduction. It provides information about the four leading characters of the epic. They are: Kuntugdi, Elig - the ruler, a symbol of justice; Aitoldi - the minister, a symbol of the state; Ogdulish - the son of the minister (later the minister) - a symbol of reason and finally Oggurmish - a relative, a hermit symbol of contentment. The epic is written in the form of a discussion, question and answer between these characters. 2The scope of the issues raised in the work very wide. Among them, knowledge is shown to be a criterion for measuring human value, and great attention is paid to it. Indeed, since man appeared on earth, he has been distinguished from other creatures by his knowledge. A person must study and learn to know the world and himself, acquire knowledge and skills, and achieve perfection by communicating with people in society. Knowledge is the purity of the inner world. A knowledgeable person has been great everywhere and at all times. People have followed them and developed their knowledge. Knowledgeable people are able to create new discoveries and innovations in the world. An ignorant person is a disgrace everywhere. Due to his lack of knowledge, he cannot even enter into a conversation with people in his relationships. Yusuf Khos Hajib in his work advocates that students should gain knowledge, endure them no matter how many difficulties there are on this path, and acquire knowledge with patience and contentment. It reveals the difference between a knowledg