Techniques for Reading Texts in Russian Language Classes at Technical Universities

Аннотация

This article focuses on the development of speech skills in foreign students learning Russian as a foreign language in technical universities. It presents methods aimed at expanding students' vocabulary and discusses approaches to organizing skimming, scanning, and intensive reading. Examples of lexical, grammatical, and syntactic exercises aimed at developing both oral and written speech are provided. The proposed task formats help students better understand the structure of scientific texts. An integrated approach to such tasks contributes to the development of the ability to use specialized literature in future professional activities. Keywords: Professional vocabulary, speech development, Russian language, reading, scientific style, foreign language, technical terminology. Each state and nation is strong, first and foremost, through its intellectual potential and high spirituality. The source of this invincible power is books and libraries — the great invention of humanity. — President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev specialized vocabulary. To ease this process, it is Introduction: “Place your heart in reading,” said the important to regularly practice reading scientific and Egyptian Khordi over 5,500 years ago. Reading, books, popular science materials and to complete exercises and libraries have always attracted the greatest minds involving professional vocabulary. throughout human history. At the initial stage of instruction, first-year students The invention of writing and printing are among the undergo a remedial course in Russian grammar, which greatest achievements of civilization—without them, includes sections on morphology and syntax. civilization itself would have been impossible. Reading is a universal form of speech activity, as it allows At this stage, the instructor seeks to activate students’ individuals to acquire new knowledge, improve their professional vocabulary and develop their ability to use vocabulary and grammar, and broaden their linguistic technical terms in professional communication. and cultural horizons. Reading in a foreign language, in Particular emphasis in practical Russian language particular, holds great potential in this regard. Texts classes is placed on intensive reading of specialized serve as the primary source of information in a foreign literature, which facilitates deeper retention of language, and reading, in turn, is a leading type of professional terminology. To assess how well this speech activity that helps improve speaking skills. vocabulary has been acquired, gap-fill tasks are used, requiring students to insert appropriate terms. These Speech development and the formation of speech skills methods aim to overcome lexical and grammatical are key aspects of modern methods for teaching difficulties, as foreign students often understand only Russian as a foreign language. Special attention in part of the information presented during lectures. This teaching first-year students at technical universities is is due not only to the fast pace of speech but also to given to working with professionally oriented texts. their limited vocabulary, which hinders their This helps them master the language of their future participation in oral responses during lessons. Word profession and the scientific style as a whole. The main formation exercises are an effective supplement to difficulty lies in learning technical terminology and International Journal of Pedagogics 115 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) learning. Mastery of suffixes and the ability to form process, the teacher precedes reading with a set of deverbal nouns contribute to expanding the active questions that introduce the topic and focus students’ vocabulary of foreign students. attention. The syntactic component of the remedial course Intensive reading is aimed at deep comprehension and includes a set of exercises aimed at analyzing simple interpretation of the content. Students must be able to and complex sentences, as well as studying word order identify both primary and supporting information, typical of the scientific style. Students are taught the answer questions about the text, and develop principles for identifying the grammatical structure of a statements based on what they’ve read. When sentence, including methods for determining the encountering unfamiliar words, they may rely on subject, predicate, and objects by asking guiding contextual guessing. Intensive reading is most questions. To ensure better understanding, individual commonly used in the first year of study. words and phrases are analyzed, and their syntactic In Russian as a foreign language classes, complex function within the sentence structure is clarified. grammatical topics are reviewed and specialized In the second half of the semester, practical lessons are terminology is introduced. Foreign students generally focused on working with professional te