Current State of Research on The Cardiorespiratory System of Athletes

Аннотация

The article discusses the characteristics of the cardiovascular system during training in an athlete's body. Keywords: Athlete, training, load, heart, cardiorespirator. peripheral hemodynamics, reflecting the functioning of Introduction: Physical activity associated with training the entire cardiovascular system (CVS), and is a and participation in sports competitions places high relatively constant value. demands on the athlete’s heart. Therefore, the cardiovascular system is one of the important integral The stress index (SI) is widely used to assess the indicators of the functional state of the body, one of the functional state of the central nervous system and the mechanisms of its adaptation to various stimulating regulation of heart rhythm by the autonomic nervous factors. system. The role of the influence of sympathoadrenal influences lies in the constant adaptation of the Changes in respiratory function under the influence of intensity of metabolic processes and physicochemical exercise are closely related to changes in blood interactions in tissues to the functional requirements of circulation. Physical activity associated with training the given moment. KI decreases with improvement in and participation in sports competitions places high functional state, which allows its use in individual demands on the athlete’s heart. dynamic observation. Enlargement of the heart in athletes is often detected The state of vegetative tone is characterized by a using radiographic studies by determining the borders gradual decrease in sympathetic influence with age, as of the heart using percussion. In trained people, the well as in connection with regular physical education weight of the heart is up to 400-500 g, and in untrained and sports. At the same time, it is important to note the people only 200-300 g. Exercise increases the number widespread prevalence of this indicator at the age of of capillaries in the heart. 11-15, which can be explained by the hormonal To understand the function of blood circulation, it is restructuring processes occurring during this period. important to take into account data on the main Not only cyclical, but also in many types of sports, the hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure). effectiveness of sports activity is largely determined by It consists of 50-60 beats per minute in athletes at rest. the state of the autonomic nervous system, primarily This is especially noticeable in long-distance runners, the circulatory system. For assessing the health status cyclists, skiers, and swimmers. and functional capabilities of a young athlete, data on During physical exercise, a number of electrographic the dynamics of physiological indicators during physical indicators change, which is a sign that the heart muscle exertion are of particular importance in the timely is well supplied with oxygen. Pressure within the range diagnosis of pathological changes and pathological of 100-110 mm indicates changes in the vascular beds, thresholds not detected during physical activity, as well creating conditions for the efficient functioning of the as in the initial study. heart, since blood is supplied to the vessels with The number of heartbeats is a specific integral indicator reduced resistance. of the body’s condition, and its change is closely related Arterial pressure is one of the important indicators of to the complex of physiological changes that occur in International Journal of Pedagogics 127 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) response to constant physical exertion. load are characterized by low mobility of the respiratory system and moderate ventilator reaction, Measuring heart rate using heart rhythm monitors is a moderate and low level of aerobic production, low relatively simple and convenient way to monitor the pulse reserve, and slow recovery of the heart rate in intensity of physical activity during sports and physical asthenic, dystonic, or hypertonic cardiovascular (CVS) activity. Heart rhythm monitors not only assist in reactions after the load. monitoring physical activity but also allow for analyzing the training process and competition results based on In recent years, studies of the functional state of the the objective information received. external respiratory system, both at rest and under conditions of standard physical activity, have been The use of heart rhythm monitors helps to individualize conducted on an ontogenetic basis. It has been the training load depending on the athlete's functional established that when the ratio of the frequency and state at that time. Only with the help of heart rhythm depth of breathing changes depending on the monitors has it become possible to monitor and conditions of performing sports exercises, the diversity analyze the functional capabilities of an athlete during of the various forms of breathing movements occurs competition. A single value of the average hea