History of The Main Stages of Development of The Communication System in The Turkestan ASSR

Аннотация

In this article, the communication system in the Turkestan ASSR, the history and stages of the communication system, telegraph and post, railway and railway infrastructure, telecommunication networks and the development of telecommunication infrastructure, the history of the formation of television and radio, mobile communication and the Internet system are discussed in this article. Keywords: Communication system, telegraph, post, railway, telecommunication, television, radio, mobile communication. Introduction: Historically, the communication The evolution of the communication system in the system—whether through automobiles, railways, Turkestan ASSR and later in the Uzbek SSR can be airways, postal or telegraph connections—has been conditionally divided into the following stages: one of the key factors affecting the standard of living of 1. Communication system in the pre-Soviet era in the population. At the same time, this sector plays a Turkestan (late 19th century – 1917) vital role in meeting human needs and creating 2. Changes in the communication system after conditions for development. The level of development the formation of the Turkestan ASSR (1918–1924) and efficiency of service institutions such as postal and telegraph communications is considered one of the 3. Expansion of the communication system in the main indicators of the socio-orientation of the first decades of the Uzbek SSR (1925–1945) economy and the availability of favorable conditions for 4. Development of communication after World satisfying human needs. War II (1946–1960) In industrially developed countries, sectors such as 5. Communication achievements and challenges railways, airways, as well as postal and telegraph during the period of stagnation in the Soviet Union communications are equipped with the latest (1970–1980) technologies and are regularly updated, which is not In this article, we briefly focus on the communication without reason. The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet systems in the Turkestan ASSR and their specific stages Socialist Republic (Turkestan ASSR, 1918–1924), and of development. later the Uzbek SSR formed as a result of the national Stage 1: Communication before the Soviet power in territorial delimitation by Soviet rule (1925–1991), Turkestan (late 19th century-1917) During this period, experienced several stages in the creation and the communication system in the Turkestan region development of new means of communication. The developed as a part of the Russian Empire. development of this system was closely linked to the International and local communication systems aimed economic, political, and social conditions of that time. at solving various logistical and administrative issues. The collapse of imperialist Tsarist Russia, the forcible Railway networks, postal services, telegraph, and establishment of the Soviet system by the Bolsheviks, telephone lines were gradually introduced by the and the global spread of socialism brought many Tsarist administration based on their interests. changes to the region. However, inter-provincial communication was not very International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 10 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) effective. Telegraph and postal communications were The key stages in the history of the Turkestan ASSR’s introduced at the end of the 19th century, following the communication system were directly related to the occupation of the region by the Russian Empire. political and economic development of the region. Initially, these systems operated only in major cities While Tsarist Russia implemented regionally focused and economic centers, leaving out rural areas. systems, the Soviet period introduced a centralized and modernized network. After gaining independence, Railway communication began in the 1870s–1880s, Uzbekistan’s communication system became more with the first railway line reaching Samarkand via diversified and began to focus on new technologies and Ashgabat in 1888. The railway extended to Andijan in international integration. 1899, and by 1905, it connected Orenburg to Tashkent. By the time it reached Andijan, the length of the REFERENCES Turkestan railway system had exceeded 3,000 Tillaboyev S., Zamonov A. History of Uzbekistan kilometers [1. pp. 55–56]. This improved the efficiency (Second Half of the 19th Century – Early 20th Century). of communication but still did not cover large parts of – Tashkent: Sharq, 2010. the region. New History of Uzbekistan. Volume One: The Period of The Tsarist administration funded the construction of Tsarist Russia's Colonial Rule over Turkestan. – some railways from the state treasury (e.g., Central Tashkent: Sharq, 2000. Asia: 1880–1898, Tashkent-Orenburg: 1901–1906), National Archives of Uzbekistan, Fund R-33, Inventory while others (e.g., Fergana: 1911–1916, Bukhara: 1, File 2. 1914–1916, Semirechye: 1912–1917) were built by joint