Concepts of Term and Terminology: Linguistic Approaches (On the Example of The Transport Field)

Аннотация

This article examines the terms and terminology system related to transport engineering from a linguistic perspective. Using analytical-descriptive and comparative methods, English, Russian, and Uzbek transport-related terms are compared to identify their morphological, semantic, pragmatic, and cognitive characteristics. The study focuses on the adaptation of loanwords, translation challenges, and compliance with international standards. The linguistic analysis of terms contributes to improving terminological normalization, systematization, and effective technical communication in the field of transport engineering. Keywords: Transport terminology, linguistic approach, terminology, morphological analysis, semantics, cognitive linguistics, translation, term system, technical thinking, borrowing. fundamental theoretical basis for the development of Introduction: When discussing the role of terms within modern terminological systems. the language system, it is essential to consider their communicative, nominative, and cognitive functions. In Uzbek linguistics as well, various studies have been First and foremost, terms serve the function of conducted on terminology. For example, scholars such nominating a specific concept. This nomination arises as A. Madvaliev, A. Komilov, and N. Mahmudov have directly from social needs—that is, whenever a new discussed issues related to terminological lexicography, technology, discovery, or phenomenon emerges, a translation, and the process of nationalization of terms. corresponding term is created. From this perspective, A. Madvaliev recommends adhering to criteria such as terminological systems are considered dynamic semantic equivalence, contextual clarity, and phonetic structures—they are constantly being updated, correspondence when translating terms. These criteria enriched, and, in some cases, become obsolete and fall are especially important when adapting international out of active use. technical terms into the Uzbek language. [1,2] The linguist A. A. Reformatsky, in his research on If we focus on terms related to transport engineering, terminology, states: “Terms are the language of we can observe that a significant portion of them have science. Without terms, clarity and consistency in the been borrowed from Russian and English. Terms such system of knowledge cannot be maintained.” This idea as “dvigatel,” “carburetor,” “generator,” emphasizes not only the lexical significance of terms “transmission,” and “suspension” belong directly to the but also their role as primary tools for expressing language of technology and are often used in Uzbek conceptual knowledge systems. either in their original form or through phonetic adaptation. However, in some cases, the same term Moreover, the German linguist E. Wüster is recognized may appear in two or three different variants, which as one of the pioneers in establishing terminology as an highlights the need for proper standardization of independent discipline. In his works, he emphasized terminology. the importance of standardizing terms, especially in technical and industrial fields, and stressed the Another important issue in terminology is the problem significance of using unified terms for global of equivalence. To accurately translate terms between cooperation. Wüster’s approach serves as a language pairs, it is necessary to identify semantic American Journal Of Philological Sciences 40 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) equivalence. For example, the English term RESULTS “powertrain” is translated into Uzbek as “kuch uzatish As a result of the study, the following significant tizimi” (power transmission system), but this linguistic findings were made regarding the translation may not fully encompass the technical terminology of transport engineering: nuances. Therefore, when translating, it is important to - Terms possess a socio-demand-driven nature, take into account the technological content specific to as they are created in response to societal needs and the field, the context in which the term is used, and the ensure the rapid exchange of information in technical needs of the user. fields. Transport-related terms are expressed in a clear The sociolinguistic aspect of terminology also deserves and concise form and serve as an effective special attention. Every term is formed within a communication tool among specialists. particular socio-cultural environment, and as such, is - Through linguistic approaches, characteristic closely linked to the social layers of the language. For features of the structural composition of terms were instance, there may be a difference between the terms identified: compound words, abbreviations, word used by specialists in technical fields and the combinations, and units based on international terminology understood by the general public. This terminology are widely used in transport terminology. situation requires