Differences in The Meanings of The Terms표준어, 방언 and 사투리

Аннотация

This research aims to explain the distinctions between the Korean linguistic terms 표준어 (standard language), 방언 (dialect), and 사투리 (regional dialectal speech). Many people are not clearly aware of the differences among these three concepts. Therefore, I will attempt to present a scientifically grounded analysis. Keywords: Standard language, dialect, regional speech. by the so-called “cultural class.” It serves as the Introduction: This study particularly focuses on the linguistic norm in literary and official contexts. As misconceptions held by Uzbek students regarding the summarized earlier, the standard language, though terms 방언, 사투리, 표준어. functionally distinct, technically belongs to the category of dialects. Thus, in a broader linguistic sense, 방언 refers to a regional or social language variety used even standard language is a form of dialect. by people living in a specific area. It is a structured form of language that constitutes a variant within a larger 사투리 refers not to the standard literary language, but linguistic system. Each dialect possesses its own specifically to regional dialects. When the spoken distinctive linguistic system and is used by a particular language used is not standard, but regional, the term region or social group. The term 방언 should be 사투리 is more appropriate. Among the trio of 방언, understood more broadly, encompassing a wider 사투리, and 지역어 (regional language), 사투리 is the meaning as a general concept for dialects. Moreover, it most commonly used term referring to a non-standard, is a more formal term, often employed in academic regionally spoken variety. contexts. According to the 우리말샘 dictionary, 방언 is There are various phonetic variations of this word— defined as: 사투리, 사토리, 싸투리, 사트리—depending on 1. “A speech system that differs within the same language depending on region or social class”; region, but 사투리 is the most widely accepted and 2. “Words or speech used only in specific regions that earliest documented form. Historical records support are not part of the standard language”. this, showing that the term 사투리 first appeared in written texts in the late 19th century. For instance, the 표준어, as previously discussed, is the standardized earliest appearance is found in the 1895 publication form of a language established to reduce communication difficulties. In Korea, the standard 국한회어. That text also includes the variant 사토리. language is based on the Seoul dialect, which Based on such historical evidence, it is reasonable to represents the current form of the standard language. conclude that the term 사투리 has been in use since From a social class perspective, it is the language used the late 19th century. American Journal Of Philological Sciences 65 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) The Difference Between the Standard Language and began appearing in written records from the late 19th Dialect century and, by the 1930s, was being used in contrast to the standard language. In early 20th-century According to the book Korean Dialectology, the newspaper articles, both terms were often presented relationship between standard language and dialect with negative connotations, implying they were can be summarized in ten key points: linguistic forms that needed to be eradicated . Over 1. The standard language is an artificial construct time, however, more positive views began to emerge. developed to prevent linguistic fragmentation and promote national unity, while dialects are naturally and 2. In terms of contextual usage, 방언 is primarily used freely distributed among the populace. in academic settings, while 사투리 is more commonly 2. Standard languages are governed by systematic found in everyday, casual contexts. A study by Ahn regulations, rules, and official documents, whereas Juhyun and Ahn Mi-ae (2021) analyzing articles from dialects lack such formal structuring. 2004 to 2021 found that titles using 방언 often 3. The standard language tends to be stable and fixed, included personal or place names and nouns, reflecting while dialects are not always consistent or stable. a more formal and structured context (e.g Gyeongsang 4. The standard language is widely used across regions 방언, Seobuk 방언, Jeju 방언). In contrast, 사투리 and social classes within a linguistic community. In appeared more often in headlines using verbs and full contrast, dialects are limited to specific regions or sentences, expressing natural and lively everyday social groups. speech. Examples include: 5. The standard language is a product of governmental linguistic policy, whereas dialects are more organic • “니 내 좋아하나?⋯ 영화 ‘기적’ 당돌한 첫사랑 expressions of the people’s local feelings and emotions. 윤아 저 같대요” (Dong-A Ilbo, Sept. 15, 2021) While dialects may lack the precision and complexity of standard language, they are distinct in their emotional • “영파이다? 쉬도 몬하고? 1000만 원 걸었다 경북 richness and sense of community connection. 사투리 시험” (JoongAng Ilbo, Sept. 21, 2021)