The Importance of Loanwords in The Historical Development of The Uzbek Language

Аннотация

In this article, much attention is paid to the syntactic and semantic study of the lexicon of the acquisition layer in the Uzbek language. Borrowed words played an important role in the historical development of the Uzbek language. They entered the language through cultural and scientific relations, trade and other fields and enriched it. Borrowed words from Arabic, Persian, Russian and other languages increased the vocabulary of the Uzbek language and contributed to the further development of the language. Keywords: Homonyms, lexical abbreviations, “purists”, alternative words, international term, vocabulary, terms, affixes, loan words, lexeme. Introduction: The lexical layer of a language inevitably METHODOLOGY expands and undergoes numerous linguistic changes The research on the importance of loanwords in the over time. According to the Altaic theory, the formation historical development of the Uzbek language employs history of Turkic languages, including the Uzbek a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical approach language, began in the Altaic period [8, 3]. The grounded in linguistic and historical analysis. The study vocabulary of the Uzbek language, like that of other investigates how Uzbek has been enriched through the languages, develops and enriches based on both integration of foreign lexical elements over time, internal and external sources. Source availability is an focusing on their origin, adaptation, and functional important resource in enriching the Uzbek vocabulary. roles within the language. Approximately half of the current Uzbek vocabulary DISCUSSION AND RESULTS consists of Turkic words [14, 124]. By utilizing the internal potential of its native lexical layer—such as Practical recommendations for enriching and dialectal terms and words, abbreviations, and using developing the Uzbek language vocabulary through homonyms in new meanings—it is possible to increase internal and external sources were given at the the volume of the vocabulary. “Tilimlo” conference held in Samarkand in 1929. The conference concluded with the following decision: Over the centuries, different nations and peoples have been in mutual social, economic, and cultural contact. “While preserving all the characteristics of the Uzbek As a result, words and terms from various fields have language, it is necessary to enrich and expand it with been transferred from one language to another. new terms. This enrichment should occur, on one hand, Sometimes these borrowings were adopted without through native Uzbek words, and on the other hand, change, while other times they were adapted to the through international words. If an appropriate word grammatical and phonetic norms of the receiving cannot be found or derived in Uzbek, international language. terms should be adopted directly, without resorting to unnecessary artificiality” [13, 90]. American Journal Of Philological Sciences 123 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) This shows that the vocabulary of the Uzbek language Arabic words adapt morphologically into Uzbek in two requires either replacing old words with new ones or primary ways: borrowing from other languages. “No matter how a) by serving as the base for the creation of new Uzbek developed a language is, it still cannot meet all its needs words; solely through its native lexical resources” [10, 9]. It is b) by accepting Uzbek grammatical suffixes. nearly impossible to rely exclusively on internal means and avoid borrowing words from other languages. This adaptation is clearly observable [9, 170]. However, preserving the purity of the language is “The large number and diversity of Arabic words show considered an inseparable value and cultural element how deeply they have been absorbed into the Uzbek of a nation. Proponents of language purity, known as language. Among these borrowed Arabic words, new purists, oppose the adoption of foreign borrowings or Uzbek words are formed with the help of native Uzbek suggest limiting their use [1, 91]. According to them, if suffixes” [6, 38]. For example: the share of loanwords in a language becomes with the suffix -chi: aloqachi (messenger), aʼlochi excessive, it is crucial to immediately find native (honor student); equivalents for newly introduced foreign terms based with -lik: asirlik (captivity), aʼzolik (membership); on the internal resources of the language [2, 18–19]. Otherwise, if a borrowed word or term gains wide with -li: ahamiyatli (important), muvaffaqiyatli usage without an equivalent, later proposed (successful); alternatives may not be successful or widely accepted. with -cha: shahobcha (small meteor); It should be kept in mind that borrowed words do not with -gi: hozirgi (present); always become widely accepted or integrated among and with -la or verbal suffixes derived from such roots: the general population. Borrowings from Arabic and aniqlamoq (to clarify), asoslanmoq (to be based on), Persi