Using the Modern Method in Determination of The Irrigation Regime of Cotton in The Republic of Karakalpakstan

Аннотация

The article presents data on cotton irrigation planning, taking into account soil and hydrogeological conditions, natural and climatic factors of the region, and the cultivated variety. The study was conducted in response to the year-on-year increase in water scarcity in the Republic, including the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Existing meteorological indicators and the FAO methodology “CropWat 8.0” program were used to plan cotton irrigation based on water demand. The scientifically based irrigation regime for cotton, developed by N.F.Bespalov based on the standard hydromodular zoning scale, according to the recommendations of scientists who conducted research in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, provides for irrigation of cotton during the growing season in the northern zone: 3400 (IX) - 6400 (I) m3/ha and in the southern zone: 3800 (IX) - 7000 (I) m3/ha. Within the framework of FAO's “ CropWat 8.0“ methodology program, the cotton irrigation regime is planned using meteorological data from the region. Keywords: Republic of Karakalpakstan, cotton, FAO methodology, "CropWat 8.0" program, soil, hydrogeology, irrigation regime, hydromodular area, irrigation rate. climate warming scenarios predict an increase in Introduction: According to the forecasts made as a available water resources; under the conditions of the result of the analytical study of scientific research by expected climate warming, an increase in total scientists, by 2080 it is expected that, despite the evaporation will cause an increase in water losses in efficient use of irrigation water, appropriate irrigated areas, which will require additional water experiments will be carried out to meet the water consumption. [1, 2]. needs of crops. The observation of water scarcity worldwide, changes in the form of precipitation, global Climate change leads to 10-15% more water warming of air temperature, and ensuring adequate evaporation from water surfaces, and 10-20% more water supply for the growing season of crops are of water consumption due to evaporation from plants and great importance. Currently, the observation of high increased irrigation rates. This leads to an increase in temperatures, hail, extreme heat, low precipitation, non-renewable water consumption by an average of and extreme weather events during drought periods 18%. Assessment of the possible increase in water have limited the possibilities of irrigated areas for consumption on irrigated lands due to climate change growing agricultural crops. With a further increase in (water consumption of various crops, losses, changes in air temperature, river runoff decreased, as a result of the melioration state of lands) is one of the urgent tasks which the influence on rivers and small streams of today. [3, 4]. became relatively significant, and the variability of The main water source of the Republic of runoff in all basins increased. None of the considered American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 31 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) Karakalpakstan is the Amu Darya River, the lower part Penman-Monteth method of evapotranspiration (ET0) of which is located in the Aral Sea. [5, 6]. of individual agroecological units based on the "SropWat 8.0" program developed by FAO [8]. The In the water management sector of the Republic of research used methods of system analysis and Karakalpakstan, an extremely serious and high mathematical statistics, as well as the "Methods of shortage of irrigation water is observed year after year, Conducting Field Experiments" of the Research and due to the growing demand for water for Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization agricultural crops, including cotton, as a result of [9]. climate change, the efficient use of water in agriculture remains a priority area. Periodic data on the analysis of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION precipitation in the Republic of Karakalpakstan show Hydromodular zoning of irrigated lands of the Republic that the amount of precipitation in the northern and of Karakalpakstan was carried out (Table 1). For each southern regions for 2024 is 67-77 mm [7]. Therefore, hydromodular region, a scientifically based irrigation determining the water requirements of agricultural regime for cotton was developed according to the crops, including cotton, in various climatic and soil- "SropWat 8.0" program. Currently, developing cotton hydrogeological conditions of the Republic of irrigation regimes and water distribution planning using Karakalpakstan based on the FAO methodology using modern computer programs is relevant in conditions of the "CropWat 8.0" program is one of the urgent tasks. increasing water scarcity observed year after year [10, METHODS 11]. The water demand of crops was determined by the Table 3 Regime of cotton irrigation by hydro-modular regions in the Republic of Karakalpakstan Number of Irrigation Seasona