Dynamics of Soil Moisture Application of Mineral Fertilizers in Rainy Areas, Cereal Crops Grain Quality and Impact on Productivity

Аннотация

The article presents experimental results on the application of mineral fertilizers in the growth phases of soft wheat, Bakhmal-97 variety, durum wheat variety, Yaqut-2014 variety, barley variety, Mushtarak variety, depending on the type and rate of fertilizers, on the dynamics of soil moisture and the rate of crop feeding, grain quality and yield. According to the results, the optimal feeding rate for the application of mineral fertilizers in arable fields depends on the dynamics of soil moisture and for obtaining high-quality yields of soft wheat "Bakhmal-97" variety is N40P40K40 kg per hectare, durum wheat "Yakut-2014" and barley "Mushtarak" varieties The results of the study are presented on the optimal feeding rate of N50P40K40 kg per hectare for obtaining high-quality grain and high yields using mineral fertilizers at different growth phases. Keywords: Dry lands, mineral fertilizers, fertilizer rate, soil moisture dynamics, soft wheat, hard wheat, barley, grain quality, grain yield, feeding rate. dry areas the need for its products is increasing year by Introduction: Nowadays, the global warming of the year not only in the domestic market, but also in the climate has a negative impact on grain quality and world market. productivity, soil fertility and structure, and soil degradation. Improving the food security of the Effective use of mineral fertilizers in arid areas allows population living in these areas by eliminating these to grow a stable high-quality crop of grain, legumes, problems in dry areas is considered one of the oilseeds and other agricultural crops, and to improve important and urgent tasks. soil fertility and its structure. Agricultural products grown in Lalmicor regions have a According to the results of experiments, in all arable number of advantages in the production of aromatic lands of Uzbekistan, the reduction in the amount of products rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and organic and mineral nutrients in the soil due to global minerals vital for the human body. At present, corn, climate change and anthropogenic factors over the leguminous, sugarcane and oil crops are cultivated in past decades has led to a deep degradation of the soil American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 45 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) structure. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in 0.18% phosphorus, and 1.6-1.8% total potassium, with these areas varies depending on the amount of a soil pH of 7.0. The mineralization of groundwater is 4- atmospheric precipitation, the depth of soil wetting, 8 g/l, and groundwater is located below 10 m and has the type of predecessors, agrotechnics, and many other almost no effect on soil formation processes [3,4]. factors. The following observations and measurements were According to experiments conducted in the carried out during the years of research: Phenological mountainous and hilly regions of Lalmikor with semi- observations, biometric measurements according to sufficient rainfall (280-360 mm), the amount of organic the “Methodology of State Variety Testing of matter (humus) in the soil decreases from 1.2-1.3% to Agricultural Crops” (1985), the number of tubers per 1 0.58-0.65% (0-20 cm) in the variants where the soil is sq. m of the plant using 0.25 m2 pads, soil moisture by cultivated with plows to a depth of 20-22 cm and the thermostat method, according to the humus-Tyurin organic and mineral fertilizers are not applied method, otal nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl [1,2,3,4,6]. method, total phosphorus by the Lorentz method, total potassium by a flame photometer, nitrate nitrogen (N- Over the past several decades, the replacement of No. 3) by disulfenol reagent, mobile phosphorus and scientifically based farming systems with grain crops, exchangeable potassium by Machigin in a 1% the reduction of annual and perennial leguminous ammonium carbonate solution. crops, forage crops, and other crops, and the insufficient use of local and mineral fertilizers and plant Agrophysical properties and characteristics of the soil: protection products have led to a decline in volume weight N.A. Kachinsky method, using a productivity and its quality. This, in turn, creates cylinder, specific gravity using the pycnometer method, favorable conditions for a decrease in soil fertility and mechanical composition of the soil N.A. Kachinsky's deterioration of its structure, as well as increased wind method, using a pipette, its aggregate composition was and water erosion. Lalmikor's studies have shown that studied by Savvinov's method. in semi-arid areas of the land, the amount of humus in