Forensic Semen Identification in Sexual Assault Investigations

Аннотация

The identification of semen is crucial in sexual assault investigations. This article reviews current methods for the forensic identification of seminal stains, encompassing initial detection, confirmatory testing, and DNA analysis. We discuss the principles, applications, and limitations of each technique. A comprehensive approach is essential, starting with initial detection methods like alternate light sources (ALS) to locate potential stains. Confirmatory tests, including microscopic identification of spermatozoa and biochemical assays for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or semenogelin, provide more specific evidence. DNA analysis, particularly autosomal and Y-STR profiling, offers the highest level of individualization. This review highlights the importance of these techniques in providing evidence for legal proceedings, while also acknowledging factors that may complicate semen detection, such as the absence of spermatozoa or degradation of seminal components.