Research on food safety standards of Uzbekistan and international norms in the production, storage, and distribution of flour and flour products to the population

Аннотация

This article provides an in-depth study of food safety criteria in the processes of production, storage, and distribution of flour and flour products in the regions of Uzbekistan. The research analyzes the requirements of national ( O'zDSt , GOST ) and international (ISO, HACCP) standards, identifying key differences between them. The study revealed that standards applied in Uzbekistan are mainly based on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, whereas international standards focus on ensuring safety and quality control at all stages of the production process. The automated necessity of introducing modern technologies and monitoring systems in production, storage, and transportation The American Journal of Applied Sciences 31 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajas The American Journal of Applied Sciences processes has been substantiated. in satisfying the human body's needs for energy, proteins and carbohydrates. Flour products provide 30- As a result, specific recommendations were developed 40% of the daily need for proteins and 50-60% for to align Uzbekistan's flour industry with international carbohydrates [6; 3-13 p.]. standards, including technological modernization, certification, strengthening sanitary and hygiene Grain contains 25-28% of essential amino acids, but in requirements, and enhancing export potential. These premium flour this figure decreases. For example, in 500 proposals aim to improve the quality of local flour g of bread the protein content is: in premium flour - products and ensure their competitiveness in the 30%, first grade - 35%, second grade - 40%, and in global market. wholemeal flour - 45-55%. The proportion of vitamins and minerals also decreases. In terms of nutritional value, wholemeal flour ranks highest [7; 66-68 pp.]. Keywords: Flour products, food safety, national OBJECT AND METHODS OF RESEARCH standards, international standards, ISO 22000, HACCP system, GOST requirements, quality control, gluten Object of study: content, ash content indicator, sanitary and hygiene Standards in force in Uzbekistan, as well as local wheat regulations, technological processes, storage flour. conditions, certification and accreditation, export Research methods: potential. The following main research methods were used in the dissertation: Introduction: Flour is a product of grain processing by 1. Standardized methods of analysis: grinding it. Flour produced only from the endosperm is considered varietal, while flour obtained by grinding o Laboratory analyses based on GOST and the grain together with the shell and germ is called Uzstandart documents (flour moisture content, ash wholemeal. content, gluten content, metal-magnetic impurities, vitamins, etc.). In the context of globalization and increasing competition, new approaches and principles are being o Organoleptic methods: determination of color, developed in our country [1]. The population’s need smell, taste and crunch of flour. for wheat flour and its importance occupy an 2. Comparative and analytical methods: important place in the process of the republic’s o Comparative analysis according to local and transition to a market economy [2; 5 p.]. international standards (ISO, GOST). In the first years of independence, grain imports o Evaluation of food safety monitoring and became a significant financial burden, which served as control systems. the beginning of reforms to ensure grain independence 3. Statistical methods: under the leadership of I.A. Karimov. Since 1994, factories equipped with modern technologies began o Processing of the obtained results, their operating as part of the Uzdonmahsulot company, and generalization and development of recommendations the volume of flour production increased significantly. using statistical methods. If in 1992 1.25 million tons of grain were produced, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION then by 2020 this figure exceeded 8 million tons [3]. Standard requirements for flour products in Uzbekistan Today, Uzbekistan not only fully satisfies domestic 1. Regulatory framework: Technological processes needs, but has also established wheat exports [4]. The and quality requirements for flour production in the industry was developed by a number of decrees and Republic of Uzbekistan are regulated by the following orders, including: Decree of the President “On documents: measures to accelerate the reform of enterprises with state participation and the privatization of state o Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of May assets” dated October 27, 2020 No. PF-6096 [5]. 25, 2006 No. 95 According to statistics, each resident of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the system of consumes an average of 160-170 kg of wheat per year. accounting for grain and grain products and to Since 1994, the area under cotton has been reduced in strengthen control over their safety” . favor of increasing grain crops. Flour is the main raw o Rules for the organization and management of material for various dishe