ANALYSIS OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Аннотация

Phraseology — is one of the independent and significant branches of linguistics, similar to lexicology. It deals with the study of linguistic units, in particular, stable expressions, idioms, proverbs, and sayings. The study of phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages is a highly relevant topic in the fields of linguistics and intercultural communication. This is because every nation’s unique customs, historical experience, and cultural values are reflected in their language, especially in phraseological expressions. Language, in turn, is closely connected with a nation’s spiritual values and way of thinking. Therefore, phraseological units are not only an integral part of linguistics but are also an essential element of cultural and literary heritage. https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 3 7 9 Часть-42_ Том-2_ Апрель-2025 Keywords: Phraseology, phraseological units, equivalent translation, analog translation, descriptive translation, adaptation. Аннотация. Фразеология — это одна из самостоятельных и важных отраслей лингвистики наряду с лексикологией. Она занимается изучением языковых единиц, в частности устойчивых выражений, идиом, пословиц и поговорок. Изучение фразеологизмов в английском и узбекском языках является весьма актуальной темой в рамках лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации. Это связан с тем, что уникальные обычаи, исторический опыт и культурные ценности каждого народа отражаются в его языке, особенно во фразеологических выражениях. Язык, в свою очередь, тесно связан с духовными ценностями и образом мышления народа. Поэтому фразеологические единицы являются не только важной частью лингвистики, но и неотъемлемой составляющей культурного и литературного наследия. Ключевые слова: Фразеология, фразеологические единицы, эквивалентный перевод, аналоговый перевод, описательный перевод, адаптация. Introduction. Phraseological units significantly expand the artistic and figurative capacity of a language. They infuse speech with emotional coloring, amplify its expressiveness, and lend it a folkloric character. These units embody deep spiritual and historical connotations, mirroring the worldview and accumulated life wisdom of a nation. For instance, in Uzbek, the phrase “Ko‘r- ko‘rona ergashmoq” conveys the idea of “following someone or something without question,” which in English is expressed as “follow blindly.” The key roles of phraseological units are: enriching speech with vivid imagery and emotional impact; conveying the cultural and national identity of a language; safeguarding https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 3 8 0 Часть-42_ Том-2_ Апрель-2025 and passing on historical and cultural heritage; and providing a succinct and effective way to express ideas in communication. Based on their syntactic structure, phraseological units are classified into two main types: phrase-equivalent units (e.g., “katta ogʻiz” – big mouth, “ammamning buzogʻi” – my aunt’s calf, “tuyogʻini shiqillatmoq” – to make hoofs clatter) and sentence-equivalent units (e.g., “yuzi yorugʻ boʻldi” – became joyful, “boshi osmonga yetdi” – was overjoyed, “sirkasi suv koʻtarmaydi” – is irritable). Since the components of a phraseological unit are inseparable, they act as a single syntactic element within a sentence. For instance, in the sentences “Qizga oʻzbek qishlogʻining sodda hayoti, oq koʻngil odamlari yoqdi” (The girl liked the simple life of the Uzbek village and its kind-hearted people) and “Nasimjon boshi koʻkka yetguday suyundi” (Nasimjon rejoiced as if he touched the sky), the phrase “oq koʻngil” (kind-hearted) functions as an attribute, while “boshi koʻkka yetguday” (overjoyed) acts as an adverbial modifier. As ready-made lexical units that are equivalent to single words, phraseological units also exhibit word-like grammatical and semantic relationships. Therefore, the language contains phenomena such as phraseological homonymy (e.g., “qoʻl koʻtarmoq” – 1) to hit or attempt to hit, 2) to support), synonymy (e.g., “toqati toq boʻlmoq” – to lose patience, “sabr kosasi toʻlmoq” – to run out of patience), and antonymy (e.g., “koʻngli oq” – kind-hearted, “ichi qora” – malicious; “koʻkka koʻtarmoq” – to praise, “yerga urmoq” – to humiliate). Linguist A. Mamatov categorizes Uzbek phraseological units into four major groups based on their origins: 1. Units related to human activity and psychology – these include expressions reflecting emotions, states of mind, and psychological conditions. For example: “ko‘ngli ochiq” (sincere), “hafsalasi pir bo‘lmoq” (to lose hope), “yerga ursa ko‘kka sapchimoq” (very nimble). https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 3 8 1 Часть-42_ Том-2_ Апрель-2025 2. Units associated with professions – this group comprises phrases linked to trades and crafts. For example: “bo‘zchining mokisidek” (to do something skillfully and beautifully). 3. Phraseological units derived from animal imagery – this group includes expressions that incorporate references to animals. Examples include: “oyog‘i kuygan tovuqday” (re