THE SYNTACTIC STATUS OF INTRODUCTORY PARTS OF SENTENCES IN NON-RELATED LANGUAGES(ENGLISH AND UZBEK)

Аннотация

This arlicle outlines the syntactic status and relationship of introductory parts with other parts of sentences, and their communicative- pragmatic types in English and Uzbek. Introductory components are usually known as a part of the sentence that is not dependent on the other parts of that sentence. However, at the same time introductory elements gain the property of an individual member of sentences, because as part of the sentences they are semantically and syntactically contact with this sentence, have certain relationships with it. And as to their communicative-pragmatic aspects, introductory elements are classified into several types . In this article, we try to analyze those issues and work out possible conclusions. Key words: syntactic status, syntactic relationship, subordination, coordination, introductory relationship, communicative- pragmatic function. Introduction. In modern linguistics, different words and constructions combine with each other creating structural and semantic unity between parts of sentences. And sentences make semantic sequence to create the text. A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. It is not only a means of communicating but also a means of showing the speaker’s attitude to it which is expressed by introductory parts. https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 9 8 Часть-44_ Том-1_ Май-2025 Literature review. The syntactic status of introductory parts is a disputable phenomenon, although many researches have been conducted on it. Thus, linguists have repeatedly turned to the study of the grammatical and syntactic properties of introductory words and phrases. Let’s analyse some of them: According to V.G. Hak, introductory components are the most important in the discursive-communicative framework. Since they relate to the technique of conversation, it is not correct to consider them to be “the outside of sentence structure”[5,832]. L. Tenier emphasizes that only introductory parts of the sentence can give clear information of the purpose of the sentence beforehand. For instance if the sentence includes “of course”, it means that the sentence is about something certain and clear. If the sentence begins with “so”, it means the sentence is going to examine the result of something[6,656].Therefore, the status of parentheses cannot be regarded as fully defined within the corpus of syntax. According to Ilyish a parenthesis is the independent element of the sentence which is not grammatically dependent on any part of the sentence. A parenthesis either shows the speaker’s attitude towards the thought expressed in the sentence with another one, or summarizes that which is said in the sentence. A parenthesis is connected with the rest of the sentence rather semantically than grammatically. The prosodic arrangement of parenthetical structures is different from the rest of the utterance: the range is narrowed, the tempo is faster, and the loudness is diminished. The term parenthesis would then cover a considerable variety of syntactic elements[1,233]. And Kaushanskaya considers that parenthetical constructions are peculiar elements of the sentence. They are characterized by negative combinability with the other words of the sentence, they are not in a line with the other parts of the sentence but “parallel to them” and they mostly express the speaker’s attitude https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 9 9 Часть-44_ Том-1_ Май-2025 towards the content of the sentence, its relation to other sentences or situations [7,271]. Syntactic status of introductory parts are more clarified in the work “Comparative-typological study of sentence, parts of sentence and its expanders”(“Gap va uning bo’laklari hamda kengaytiruvchilariga qiyosiy tipologik yondashuv”) by p \rofessor Hoshimov. In the scientific work, linguist classified introductory parts as fifth degree parts (the primary part of the sentence is subject, secondary is predicative, tertiary is object and modifiers, fourth degree parts are attribute and commentaries and fifth degree parts are introductory parts) and named the relationship between parts of sentences and introductory parts as neither coordination nor subordination, but introductory relations.[3,74] Panteleev’s work, “Communicative and pragmatic aspect of the study of evaluative and emotive introductory components” illustrates that the pragmatic semantics of the introductory elements of the communicative task is realized by a set of particular meanings: 1-affirmative, 2-probabilistic, 3- emotive-qualifying, 4-address-labeled, and 5-metatext introductory elements, which are designed to reflect the various communicative attitudes of the subject of speech[3,181]. Main part. There are several types of introductory part as to their communicative pragmatic aspects: https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 0 0 Часть-44_ Том-1_ Май-2025 1. With the help of affirmative introductory elements,