CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION OF CO2 AND NOX GASES.

Аннотация

This article explores modern methods for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), which are major contributors to air pollution and climate change. It examines advanced technologies such as chemical absorption, membrane separation, cryogenic distillation, and biological fixation, highlighting their efficiency and potential applications in industrial settings. The paper also discusses the reuse of captured gases in the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials, promoting sustainable development. Special emphasis is placed on integrated systems that combine environmental protection with economic feasibility for long-term climate goals. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Gas capture, Utilization, Environmental technology. Introduction: The rapid industrialization and expansion of energy production have significantly increased the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) into the atmosphere. These pollutants are major contributors to global warming, acid rain, and respiratory health issues. Addressing this environmental challenge requires effective capture and utilization technologies. This article focuses on recent advancements in CO₂ and NOₓ capture methods, as well as innovative approaches to convert these gases into valuable products. By integrating sustainable practices into industrial processes, we can reduce environmental impact while contributing to a circular economy and achieving long-term climate goals.[1] Literature Review: Recent studies have emphasized the growing importance of CO₂ and NOₓ capture due to their impact on global climate and public health. According to Wang et al. (2021), chemical absorption using amine-based solvents remains one of the most widely used techniques for CO₂ capture due to its high efficiency and adaptability. Meanwhile, membrane-based separation and cryogenic methods have shown promise in reducing operational costs and improving energy efficiency (Li & Chen, 2020).[2] For NOₓ removal, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is commonly applied in power plants and automotive systems (Zhou et al., 2019).[3] Furthermore, researchers such as Gupta and Kumar (2022) have explored biological approaches, including algae- based biofixation, which offer environmentally friendly alternatives. Several case studies report successful reuse of captured CO₂ in synthetic fuels and polymer production, demonstrating both ecological and economic benefits. Overall, the literature highlights a strong trend toward integrating capture and utilization technologies for enhanced sustainability.[4] Methodology: This study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing and synthesizing recent scientific publications, industrial case studies, and technical reports related to CO₂ and NOₓ capture and utilization technologies. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, environmental engineering databases, and reports by international organizations such as the IPCC and IEA.[5] Key technologies were categorized based on capture method (chemical, physical, biological) and utilization pathway (fuel production, chemical synthesis, material fabrication). Comparative evaluation was conducted using criteria such as efficiency, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. This methodological framework provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements and identifies practical strategies for sustainable gas management.[6] Results: The study identified the strengths and limitations of different CO₂ and NOₓ capture and utilization technologies based on efficiency, scalability, cost, and environmental impact. 206 “TABIIY FANLAR: DOLZARB MUAMMOLAR VA ULARNING YECHIMLARI” Chemical absorption using amine-based solvents showed the highest capture efficiency for CO₂, particularly in industrial applications such as power plants and cement factories. However, its major drawback is the high regeneration energy requirement. Membrane-based systems offered moderate efficiency but excelled in energy savings and modularity, making them suitable for decentralized applications. Biological methods, while environmentally friendly, demonstrated low capture rates and are not yet viable for large-scale deployment. In the case of NOₓ, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) proved to be the most effective in reducing emissions, achieving over 90% efficiency. Adsorption techniques using activated carbon showed potential for smaller sources but were limited by saturation and regeneration challenges. On the utilization side, captured CO₂ was successfully integrated into synthetic fuel production, mineral carbonation, and biopolymer synthesis. Each pathway presents varying degrees of economic feasibility, with mineralization being the most cost-effective but the least flexible. Overall, integrating membrane-based capture with material utilization appears to be a promising route for sustainable gas management, offering a balance between operati