ЖАНРЫ ПЕСНЯ, РОМАНС, ОПЕРА

Аннотация

This article discusses three important directions of Uzbek music - Qo`shiq, Romance and Okopella. The genre is mainly a vocal musical form, distinguished by the power of lyricism and emotional expression, performed to the accompaniment of musical instruments. This genre entered Uzbek music in the 20th century and developed through the combination of national melodies and Western musical traditions. Composers and singers have been covering topics such as love, longing, and life experiences in a poetic style through this genre. The article also provides detailed information about the Okopella (acapella) genre. This genre is based on the performance of a musical work without instruments, using only human voices, and originated from the traditions of European religious music. Although the Uzbek art of okopella is still new, it is actively practiced, especially by young artists and vocal groups. In this genre, national melodies, folk songs and modern music are performed through a unique vocal harmony and brought to the stage in a new interpretation. Keywords: initiative, response, peer communication, special needs, social support, pedagogical sensitivity. Language: Uzbek Citation: Po`latjonova , O. (2025). GENRES SONG, ROMANCE, OPERA. Universal International Scientific Journal, 2(4), 294–298. Retrieved from https://universaljurnal.uz/index.php/jurnal/article/view/1753 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15351611 295 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2025, 2(4) Copyright © 2025 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Lirik mazmun: Muhabbat, iztirob, O`zbek musiqa san`ati – bu xalqning ko`p yolg`izlik, orzu va umid kabi mavzular ustuvor. asrlik tarixiy, madaniy va estetik qarashlarini Poetik asosi: Ko`plab romanslar o`zbek mujassam etgan boy ma`naviy merosdir. Ushbu adabiyoti namoyandalari – Alisher Navoiy, san`at shakli nafaqat xalq og`zaki ijod, balki Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Voxidov kabi shoirlarning akademik va zamonaviy janlar orqali ham she`rlariga yaratilgan . rivojlanib, hozirgi kunda o`zining keng qamrovli Chuqur vokol texnika : Ijrochi nafaqat yo`nalishlari bilan ajralib turadi. Ayniqsa vokal musiqa , balki hisni yetkazishda ham yuqori musiqa san`atining ikki muhim yo`nalishi – darajadagi ifodaviylikka ega bo`lishi kerak. romans va okopella janrlari – oxirgi yillarda Bugungi kunda romans janri Estrada o`zbek musiqasida alohida o`rin egallay boshlagan san`atida ham qo`llanilmoqda . Ko`plab estada Romans janr, asosan , g`arb musiqa madaniyatidan xonandalari ( masalan , Ozodbek Nazarbekov , kirib kelgan bo`lsa-da , O`zbekistonda u milliy kuy Gulsanam Mamazoitova ) ushbu janrdan va she`riyat bilan uyg`unlashib , o`ziga xos shakl foydalangan holda milliy ohanglar va zamonaviy kasb etdi. Ushbu janr orqali inson ichki musiqa elementlarini birlashtirib ijod qilmoqda. kechinmalari, muhabbat, sog`inchi va orzular Okopella ( a capella ) – bu cholg`u ohang va so`z vositasida ifodalanadi . Okopella esa asboblarsiz, faqat inson ovozlarining musiqa cholg`ularsiz, faqat inson ovozi orqali ijro kombinatsiyasi orqali yaratilgan vokal musiqa etiladigon janr bo`lib, xor san`ati va vokol janiridir . Bu janr Yevropaning diniy, vaqt o`tishi foydalanadi. U bugungi kunda yoshlar orasida bilan dunyo bo`ylab keng tarqalgan . Bugungi ommolashib borayotkan zamonaviy vokal kunda bu janr turli uslublarda – jazz, pop, xalq yo`nalishlaridan biridir . musiqasi, estrada – da qo`llanilmoqda. O`zbek Asosiy qisim musiqasida okopella yo`nalishi nisbatan yangi O`zbek romonslarida kuy ohanglari bo`lsa-da, uni yosh ijodkorlar faol targ`ib ko`pincha milliy ladlarga asoslanadi, matnlar esa qilmoqda. Masalan , xor jamoalari, yoshlar vokal klassik va zamonaviy o`zbek she`riyatlar tanlanadi ansanbillari xalq qo`shiqlari, maqom parchalarini . Shu boisdan, ushbu janrda yaratilgan asarlar okopella nafaqat milliy musiqani yangicha nafaqat musiqiy, balki adabiy estetik qiymatga talqinda taqdim etadi, balki xor madaniyatini ham egadir. To`xtasin Jalilov, Hamid Rajabiy, rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. Manas Leviev, va boshqa taniqli kompozitorlar bu yo`nalishda salmoqli iz qoldirgan. 296 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2025, 2(4) Ko`p ovozlik ( polifoniya ) : Har bir Maqom asosidagi qo`shiqlar - kllasik ishtirokchi ma`lum bir vokal chiziqni olib boradi ( musiqaga oid , murakkab ohang va ladlarga ega. masalan , bass , alto , tenor, soprano ) Estrada qo`shiqlar - zamonaviy, sahnaviy Ovoz effektlari : Ritimik ohanglar , bass ijro uchun mo`ljallangan asarlar. liniyalar, hatto cholg`usimon tovushlar inson Lirik romanslar – poetik va emotsional ovozi orqali yaratiladi . mazmunga ega, klassik vokal janr bilan bog`liq. Ijrochi muvofiqligi: Har bir ishtirokchining Okopella va xor qo`shiqlar – jamoaviy ijroda intonatsiyasi, nafas nazorati va garmonik , cholg`usiz