IN THE ACADEMIC WORK OF E.E. BERTELS, THERE ARE OUTLINES OF ALISHER NAVOI'S SPIRITUAL HERITAGE

Аннотация

This article is dedicated to E.E. Bertels’s creative work, an orientalist who has scientifically studied the life and spiritual heritage of Alisher Navoi. This scholar studied Oriental poetry and literature throughout his life. According to E.E. Bertels, Alisher Navoi made a huge contribution to the treasury of world literature. The scholar describes Navoi as a great humanist, an original poet. He emphasizes that he is not a translator ofPersian literature and proves that he was an independent creator by putting topical issues in his works. The orientalist also draws attention to the fact that Alisher Navoi's socio-philosophical and moral views were expressed inartisticforms. Keywords: Alisher Navoi, thinker, spiritual heritage, man, philosophy, ethics, Sufism, classical literature, ghazals, love, adore,divan,"Khamsa", spiritual life, "unity". Alisher Navoi is the brightest representative of Uzbek classical culture and literature. The great thinkerand poet lived and worked in the 15thcentury. In order to get acomplete picture of the conditions of the formation of Navoi's work, it is necessary to say a few words about the state of Turkish poetry of this period. From the 14th century onwards, Turkish literature began to flourish. This is especially due to the desire of Khorezmian poets to use Persian literary techniques in their native languages. This tendency is especially intensified by the rise of the Timurids to power. The Timurids not only encouraged poets who wrote in their mothertongue, but also themselves were successful in this field. Orientalist scholar E.E. Bertels analyzes Navoi's views on the works of Sakkoki, Atoi, Lutfi, Sultan Hussein, representatives ofthe Turkicliterature ofthe Timuridperiod. Based on the available materials, it is possible to get an idea about Sakkoki, the palace poet of Khalil Sultan and Ulugbek. His original name is unknown and his literary nickname is Sakkoki. The heyday of this poet's work dates back to the forties of the fifteenth century. Along with Sakkoki's poems, he also wrote poems. Navoi's brief account of Sakkoki is contained in his book Majlis un-nafois. In this work, Alisher Navoi describes the great poets of his time, noting that Sakkoki's poems were highly valued in Samarkand. According to E.E. Bertels, Navoi did notfind Sakkoki's poems inSamarkand, but according tohim,what hehad didnot have any qualities. [1;69b.] The activity of the great poet Atoiy, who wrote poems in the old Uzbek language, is also connected with Samarkand. Although he was from Balkh, Ulugbek and his son Abdulatif were considered poets of the palace. Atoiy's ghazals are similar to those of his contemporary Sakkoki. Atoiy's poems are dedicated to the praise of beauties. But Atoiy repeats the definitionof beauty based onscholasticspace. [2;71p.] A great representative of Herat's lyrics, Lutfi was the most powerful creator of the old Uzbek ghazal. Lutfi prepared a draft of the poetic work "Zafarnoma" about the biography of Amir page1165 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue04,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Temur. Lutfi's poem "Flower and Navruz" is also a fantastic romantic adventure. Lutfi's divan consisted of Persian and old Uzbek poems. Although his poems written in Persian were commendable, hispoems written inhis own language were popular. According to Navoi, Lutfi was more famous in Turkey and his Turkish divan was popular. Like many authors of this period, his divan was composed of gazelles. Navoi describes Majolis-un-nafoyis as having no equal in Persian and Turkish poetry, but was more popular in Turkish. This assessment shows that Lutfi's poetry was a major impetus for the development of old Uzbek poetry in the later period. Navoi also wrote a number of muhammas inLutfi's ghazals. [3;58-59p.] Among the Turkish poets of the 15thcentury, the most prominent was Sultan Hussein. Sultan Hussein was the main literary language of the time - he knew Persian perfectly and could write fluently. A very meaningful book, Majlis al-Ushshaq, is associated with his name. This isa work about the biography of scientistsand poets. This isoften related to theinterpretation of love history. Alisher Navoi portrays Sultan Hussein as a man of great influence in the field of Turkish languages. Sultan Hussein's divan is written in the old Uzbek language, the main part of which is the main genre of the period - ghazal. Sultan Hussein was well versed in his nativelanguage andcontributed tothe development oftheoldUzbek language. [4;64b.]. Alisher Navoi vividly describes his interest in poetry from a young age in his work Lisonut- tayr. He remembers reading Saadi Sherozi's Gulistan and Boston, and Fariddudin Attor's Mantiqut-tayr. In particular, the content of Attor's work, imbued with pantheistic ideas, has a profound effect on Alisher's psyche. E.E. Bertels points out that he did not