UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN AND APPROACHES TO TREATMENT

Аннотация

Bronchial asthma is a chronic, inflammatory and obstructive disease of the respiratory tract, which occurs in an average of 5% of the world's population and is also an urgent medical and social problem in Uzbekistan. Keywords: Bronchial asthma, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Classification, Clinical signs, Incidence statistics in ourcountry, Treatment, Strategic proposals, Prevention Main part: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, which is accompanied by clinical symptoms such as acute narrowing of the bronchi (bronchospasm), difficulty breathing, wheezing, cough and chest tightness. In the 21st century, asthma is one of the most urgent problems of world health. In the Republic of Uzbekistan,thenumber ofcases of thisdisease is also increasing from year to year. Theprevalence andrelevance ofthedisease Bronchial asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases among the population of Uzbekistan, especially in children and adults, which is explained by the dependence of the disease on hereditary and external factors. The disease has a negative impact not only on the healthcare system, but also on the economy, as the working capacity of patients decreases, thequalityof lifedeteriorates, and constant medical supervision isrequired. Bronchial asthma not only worsens the physical condition of the patient, but also negatively affects his psychological, social and economic activity. Constant medication use, a large number of visits to hospitals, a decrease in work capacity - all this is the basis for assessing asthmaas a relevant disease. The basis of changes in the bronchi is the sensitization of the body (becoming sensitive). As a result of immediate allergic reactions, which occur in the form of anaphylaxis, the body produces antibodies, and when the same allergen is re-exposed, 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202 ,lirpA,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www histamine is quickly released, which leads to swelling of the bronchial mucosa and hypersecretion of the glands. Immunocomplex allergic reactions and delayed hypersensitivity reactions develop in a similar way, but manifest with less pronounced symptoms. In recent years, the level of calcium in the blood has also been considered a predisposing factor, since excess calcium can lead to spasms, including spasms of the bronchial muscles. Pathological examinations of people who died from shortness of breath show complete or partial obstruction of the bronchi with viscous, thick mucus and emphysematous lung expansion due to difficulty in exhaling. Microscopic examination of tissues gives a similar picture - a thickened muscle layer, hypertrophied bronchial glands, infiltrative,desquamated state ofthebronchial walls. Factors leading to bronchialasthma Themain factors contributing totheincrease in bronchial asthma inourcountry are:  Airpollution (vehicle exhaust,dust, industrial waste)  Housedust and fungal spores  Hereditary predisposition  Respiratory tract infections  Allergens (pets, flowers, food products)  Stressand environmental problems Prevention andmeasures in thehealth care system Today,a number of works are being carried out inUzbekistan to early detect, diagnose andcontrol asthma:  Medical examinations arebeing conducted among thepopulation  Respiratory hygiene isbeing promoted among schoolchildren and young people  Thenumber ofallergists andpulmonologists is increasing  Dispensary control isbeing strengthened  Thesupply ofinhalers and corticosteroid drugs in pharmacies is improving Theimportance ofprevention and treatment Early detection of the disease and Proper treatment plays an important role in improving the patient's quality of life. The main treatment methods are: inhaled bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, antileukotrienes, and allergen avoidance. It is recommended to maintain cleanliness in the home, protect against dust, ventilate the room, and reduce harmful factors. It is difficult to completely get rid of the disease, but it is possibleto control it and reduce attacks. Socialsignificanceandrelevance of thedisease Bronchial asthma is relevant not only as a medical, but also as a social problem: patients are associated with a decrease in the quality of life, disability, economic losses, and family problems. Industrial dust and environmental factors affect the spread of the disease, therefore, environmental protection and promotionof ahealthy lifestyle remain urgent issues 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202 ,lirpA,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www Future strategies and proposals Increase preventive medical examinations - especially among children and adolescents Increase theskillsoffamily doctors, onthediagnosis andtreatment of asthma Increase explanatory work in themedia Ensuretheavailability and quality of medicines Introduce allergen tests and spirometry devices in polyclinics Conclusion: Today, bronchial asthma is one of the most common and relevant chronic diseases in our country, and