ANTONYMIC PAIRS IN ART TERMINOLOGY AND THEIR SEMANTIC GRADATION

Аннотация

This article analyzes graduonomyc series in synonyms, antonyms, homonyms as a from of systematic relations between words. Based on the graduonomyc series, the article is divided intotwo sections: Section 1: Graduonymic linesin word groups. Section 2: Graduonymic series with ageneralizingscheme. Key words. Semantic meaning, gradation, systematic relations, word coincidence, systematic nature ofthelanguage. Introduction. Graduonymic series are not generally distinguished in modern Uzbek language, and this chapter can be tested as a first experiment in Uzbek linguistics. Therefore, we would like to say in advance that, first of all, we never intend to give a complete list of graduonymic series in Uzbek, and not only one maybe even 10-15 people are difficult to implement. Nevertheless, we willtry to open somejuzey issues in this area. Analysis. Based on two properties of the graduonymic series, we will study this article in two sections; Section 1: Graduonymic linesin word groups. Section 2: Graduonymic series with ageneralizingscheme. As we mentioned in chapter 1, the graduonymic relationship is a semantic relationship between words, the meaning of which is close to each other and within separate meaning types of the word group. Therefore, when counting graduonymic lines, it is observed to divide words into meaningful categories (41). For example, onthebasis ofincreasing age 1. Lullaby \ baby \ baby \ child \ boy \ girl \ man \ woman \ old man \ old woman \ old man Lullaby -……old man 2.Togrow- ……to grow old 3.Togrowold 4.Qulun -……strings ofhorses are created. Of course, we can consider the graduonymic series that any symbol can form, because some symbols can form hundreds of graduonymic series, such as: size, width, height, etc. In addition, we can emphasize one more limitation. Therefore, we We will consider only one of the polysemantic words, and if this word is the leading word of the word series, we will consider only the graduonymic series in the first relation. Based on three of these five meanings, the word "house" forms three graduonymicseries. 313 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue04(2025) 1.Ruins\ hut \ room \room \house \yard \ palace \ palace \ house. 2.House\ house\ hall 3.House\ neighborhood \daxa\ area The word room does not have a case sign. Therefore, this word can easily be combined with large and small determiners. But from the aspect of size, the room is part of the apartment with a yard. and these words are vague in terms of size, but not small. The meaning of poverty is also moderate for a room. That is why the combinations of a poor room and a luxurious room are often used. It can beconcluded that thehut \ cell \ room forms a smallchain. Theword "room" isconnected with theword "house" in thisline, in essence, theTajik word "room" is synonymous with the word "house". For example, we sat in a big room. the meaning of expressing thewholeis strong. As mentioned, if the words on the left and right side of the line have a spiritual closeness to each other, then the spiritual conflict between the words on the right and left side is closer due to thecloseness ofmeaning. To theright and to theleft, thequality mark increases and decreases. Antonomic relations are mainly built on the basis of poverty and conflict, and this conflict can increase at thislevel. can be included in thegraduonymicseries. For example: If you have a good homewith your friend, you willbe happy If a friend does not takea step, thehouseis ruined. In this example, it is clearly seen that the house is described by two opposite words, ruin and castle. Although all three words have the meaning of residence, the meaning of the place of residence is drowned in the meaning of the house, and the meanings of luxury and poverty are darkened. On the other hand, the terms "ruin" and "castle" have weakened their predative sign and strengthened their quality meaning. That is why the graduonymic series includes the word "ruin" in part. The same kind of spiritual contradiction can be seen in hundreds of nouns. We have listed many of them in the dictionary. The examples given are enough to draw a conclusion about the existence of gradational rows of similar nouns among different characters. But the contradictions are not limited tospecific nouns.Maybe it also occurs in thecontextofabstract nouns. “Shodlik” graduonymic series This graduonymicseries includes 6words. Sevinch \ xursand \ quvonch \ shodlik \ surur\ farax The words in this graduonymic series express the feeling of satisfaction, temporary happiness, mood. It means the state of a person. The leading word of this series is happiness. For example: Sevinch -the feeling ofjoy, happiness. (DDofUL, P.442) Xursand -to spend timehappily, cheerfully, with fun, leisure. (DDofUL, P.340) 314 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FO