ENSURING TRAFFIC SAFETY ON RAILWAYS

Аннотация

In this article, traffic safety on railwayscurrent issues of provision are highlighted. The main factors that threaten security, the existing problems and the proposed measures for their elimination are covered in detail. Also, information about the role of modern technologies, the need to improve the skills of employees, and the legal framework is provided. The article reflects acomprehensive approach aimed at increasing safety in therailway transport system. Keywords railway, traffic safety, technical failure, human factor, monitoring, automation, legislation,safety system, transport infrastructure, technical service. Railway transport is one of the most important sectors of the country's infrastructure and is a safe, efficient and inexpensive way of transporting goods and passengers. Therefore, ensuring traffic safety onrailways isoneof theimportant tasks facing thestateand society. Theessence oftraffic safety Traffic safety on railways is a system of ensuring the movement of trains, locomotives and other railway vehicles in accordance with the established rules, without harming human health and property. Thissystem includes technical, organizational and regulatory measures. Factors that threaten security Several factors havea negative impact ontraffic safety in railway transport: Technical failures: poor condition of the road network, malfunctions in the signaling system or failure oflocomotives and wagons tomeet technical requirements Human factors: errors made by drivers and other railway employees due to fatigue, carelessness orinexperience. Natural disasters: heavy rainfall, snowstorm, heat wave and other natural phenomena reduce trafficsafety. Organizational problems: poor planning, lack of organizational control or inadequate enforcement ofrules. Security measures Thefollowing measures are important to increase thelevel ofsecurity: Introduction of modern technologies: automated control systems, GPS-monitoring, constant control oftrain movement through digital signaling devices. Training of employees: organization of regular training sessions, certification and stress resistance training. Acceleration of technical maintenance and repair work: regular inspection and repair of the technical condition of railway infrastructure, locomotives and wagons in accordance with established norms. 294 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue04(2025) Strengthen the monitoring and analysis system: identify any technical failure or incident in time and thoroughly analyze its causes so that itdoes nothappen again. Legislation and normative legal framework There are laws and regulatory documents that regulate traffic safety on railways. In particular, the Law "On Railways", traffic safety rules, technical regulations and decrees related to the field serve as the main legal basis in this regard. On the basis of these documents, the activities of railway employees are regulated and responsibilityfor each incident is determined. International experience and practices tobelearned Many developed countries have advanced technologies and experience in ensuring traffic safety onrailways. Including: Germany: DB Netz AG has introduced a real-time traffic safety monitoring system. Minimized thehuman factorthrough automatic warning and stopsystems (ETCS). Japan: Shinkansen high-speed train traffic control uses seismic sensors and artificial intelligence. Any shakin ifdetected, thetrain willstop automatically. Russia: RZhD is widely introducing a digital signaling and dispatching system based on the "Digital railway" concept. Such experiences can serve as a roadmap for the modernization of the railway system in Uzbekistan. Therole ofdigitization and innovation Modern technologies are an important factorin increasing security: Artificial Intelligence (Al): automation ofmotionanalysis, prediction offaults in advance. IoT (Internet of Things): remote monitoring of the condition of each railway element (rails, conductors, wagons). Big Data: identifying danger zones through the analysis oflarge volumes oftraffic data. In Uzbekistan, these technologies are being gradually introduced, but it is necessary to expand them onafull and systematic basis. Summary Traffic safety on railways is a complex system that is ensured as a result of the responsible approach of not only the employees of the railway system, but also the whole society. In this regard, it is possible to achieve a high level of security by using modern technologies, improving theskillsofemployees, strengthening systematiccontrol and improving legislation.