Employment problems and solutions of employment during the coronavirus pandemic

Аннотация

This article is about the problems and solutions of employment during the Coronavirus pandemic, the reasons for the pandemic slowing down the economy, the unemployment and direct loss of income due to the closure of enterprises and firms. As well as, special attention was paid to some recommendations and ideas on mitigating the impact of the global economic crisis on incomes and living standarts in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Keywords: unemployment, epidemic, COVID 2019, gross domestic product (GDP), economic downturn, pandemic. Unemployment is a process when a part of the economically active population is unable to find a decent job and becomes a labor force. Unemployment is one of the major socio-economic problems that directly affect human interests. For many people, losing their jobs leads to a decline in the standard of living of the family, the turmoil of private life, and a serious psychological impact on the person. In the current economic life, unemployment is manifested in the form of labor supply exceeding demand for it. In the economy, the balance of aggregate supply and demand is disturbed, the reduction of market demand for goods also reduces the demand for labor. As a result, part of the workforce becomes redundant. With the development of the economy, the demand for skilled labor force will increase, the unskilled will no longer be needed, and when the population grows faster than the workers, part of it will be redundant and unemployed. Just as the causes of unemployment are different, so are its forms. The main forms of unemployment: Frictional unemployment is the periodic unemployment for various reasons (moving to a new place of residence, changing profession, raising a child, choosing a new job). This is called voluntary unemployment. Structural unemployment occurs at a time when people who have worked in the old industries have not yet mastered the profession they need in the new industry in a changing environment. Cyclical unemployment depends on economic hardship, it occurs as a result of reducing production . This is forced unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is the unemployment of those who are busy with seasonal work and at the end of the season they lose their job. 147 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) Hidden unemployment is only part-time employment of those who are officially employed. It includes those who have a reduced working day or work week, those who have taken unpaid leave due to lack of work. The unemployed make up the labor force in the country along with those who work. The main purpose of studying the problem of unemployment in the economy is to expand the country's (enterprise) labor force by improving employment and to develop measures to further improve the living standards of the population. It should also be noted that the ranks of the unemployed usually include not only those who have been fired for various reasons, but also those who have resigned voluntarily and are trying to find a new job.Unemployment structure includes 4 main categories of labor force by its causes: those who lost their jobs as a result of dismissal, those who resigned voluntarily, those who are looking for work after a break, those who are looking for work for the first time.The interrelationships of these categories depend on the stages of economic development. At the national level, an unemployment rate of 3- 5% is normal for the economy (the natural limit of unemployment). To reduce unemployment, a state employment program will be developed, enterprises will be built, new jobs will be created, staff will be trained and retrained, and an employment assistance fund will be established. Under labor laws, the unemployed are paid unemployment benefits through labor exchanges. The permanent population of Uzbekistan as of January 1, 2020 accounted for 33,905.8 thousand people, an increase over the beginning of 2019 by 650.3 thousand people or 2.0%.The share of urban population consists of 17.1 million (50.5% of the total), rural population - 16.7 million (49.5%). The largest population is in Samarkand (11.4%), Fergana (11.1%), Kashkadarya (9.7%) and Andijan (9.2%). Analysis of population density shows that in the Republic of Uzbekistan there are 74.1 people per 1 sq. Km. The most densely populated areas are Andijan (713.2 people per 1 sq. Km), Fergana (544.8 people), while Navoi region (8.8 people) is the opposite. According to preliminary data, as of January 1, 2020, 30.3% of the permanent population of the country are under the age of working age, 59.5% are of working age and 10.2% are adults of working age.