SANITARY ROLE OF GREEN PLANTATIONS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Аннотация

This article indicates that the automotive industry is the main source of pollution. To reduce the impact of toxic elements on the environment, scientists have investigated many perennial plants. These plants contribute to the release of phytoncydic substances, which help to purify the atmospheric air. You can see these trees on the streets and in parks on the territory of big cities. In the city 1 hectare of green plantations absorbs 8 kg of carbon dioxide in 1 hour, which during this time exhales 200 people. At the same time, a hectare of hardwood releases 2 kg in one day, coniferous forest 5 kg of volatile bactericidal substances, and juniper over 30 kg. Keywords: environment, pollution, microclimate, oxygen, carbon dioxide, decorative plants, habitat, atmosphere, dust, phytoncides, microflora, biogeocenoses, carbon disulphide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, fluorine, ammonia 21 century was the century of urbanization. The ecological crisis in cities is a crisis of human thinking, so it is necessary to intensify the activities of the media in order to develop a healthy ecological way of thinking of the person of the new century. Large cities pose severe environmental problems for their population. The number of sources polluting the environment increases every year and their capacity grows. In cities, automobile transport is the main strong driver of the environment. The number of cars in city streets is getting bigger and bigger. It has been established that residential areas and tree plantations in the strip of 50 m from the city streets are subject to pollution, the most severe at a distance of 7-25 m. The harmful impact of the environment on the person, his performance and health is manifested in the excessive content of various chemical compounds in the air. In order to solve the problems of improving the air basins of cities and improving the human habitat, "sanitation of the planet" wood and shrub ornamental plants should provide great assistance. Green plantations cause the microclimate of the city, determine not only the mobility of the air, but also regulate the heat regime, humidity regime, reduce the intensity of solar radiation and thus have a health effect on the person. 128 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) It is known in science that 1 hectare of forest accumulates 220-280 kg of carbon dioxide per day, releasing 200 kg of oxygen. In the city 1 hectare of green plantations absorbs 8 kg of carbon dioxide in 1 hour, which during this time exhales 200 people. At the same time, a hectare of hardwood releases 2 kg in one day, coniferous forest 5 kg of volatile bactericidal substances, and juniper over 30 kg. Development in the field of medium- forming phytotechnologies in the 21 century is devoted to the complex use of useful, particularly sanitary and hygienic properties of decorative plants [2]. One of the main elements of urban greening is green plantations, which also perform sanitary and hygienic function due to the release of oxygen and phytorganic substances by wood plants, dust collection, noise absorption, optimization of air temperature and humidity, etc. These properties of green plantations are a powerful factor in improving the environment and promoting human health. The species composition of the wood-shrub vegetation of the green zone of the city of Tashkent is quite dynamic, a significant share in it belongs to the introduced species of Pallas pine, eldar, black, juniper Virgin, long- voluminous, Kazak, biota eastern, spruce and Shrenka, kiparis stheelnocopian, coniflot, coniferous, bal, Many flowering and evergreen shrubs appeared: samshit evergreen, Indian siren (lagmstermia), budlea, forzia, hibiscus, weigela, henomeles and others. In the future, for successful introduction and enrichment of dendroflora green plantations of the city it is necessary to have modern scientific information about ecological-physiological peculiarities, ecological plasticity and adaptive potential of decorative wood species. High summer temperatures, dry air and soil, late spring and early autumn freezes, gas and dust air are among the most adverse habitat factors of ornamental plants in Tashkent. Green plantations in urban environments are of particular interest as elements that improve the environment from bacterial pollution. Phytoncides released by trees and shrubs change biochemical environment conditions and regulate air microflora. Phytoncides (from buckwheat "plant" and lat. caedo "kill") are volatile biologically active substances formed by plants that kill or suppress the growth and development of bacteria, microscopic fungi, protozoa organisms. The term was proposed by Professor B.P.Tokin in 1928. Phytoncides are all volatile substances released by plants, including those that are almost impossible to collect in visible amounts. In total, the Earth 's plant annually releases about 490 million tons of phytoncides to the atmosphere. 1 hectare deciduous forest releas