YASHIL KIMYO: ATROF-MUHITGA ZARAR YETKAZMAYDIGAN SINTEZ USULLARINI TADBIQ ETISH SAMARADORLIGI.

Аннотация

The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices. Keywords: UV/Vis spectrophotometry, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, metal ion determination, absorption spectroscopy, environmental analysis. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ИОНОВ CU2+ И ZN2+ В ОБРАЗЦАХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРА UV/VIS. Аннотация. Определение ионов металлов, таких как Cu²⁺ и Zn²⁺, в различных образцах имеет решающее значение для мониторинга окружающей среды, контроля качества в промышленности и биомедицинских приложений. В этом исследовании изучается количественный анализ ионов Cu²⁺ и Zn²⁺ с использованием спектрофотометрии UV/Vis, быстрого и надежного метода, основанного на поглощении света комплексами металл-лиганд. Оптимальные условия для обнаружения, включая выбор длины волны, концентрацию реагента и pH, были исследованы для повышения чувствительности и точности. Были построены калибровочные кривые для определения линейности и пределов обнаружения для каждого иона. Метод был применен к реальным образцам, и результаты были проверены по стандартным методикам. Результаты показывают, что 8 25 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ спектрофотометрия UV/Vis обеспечивает экономически эффективный и действенный подход для определения Cu²⁺ и Zn²⁺ в различных матрицах. Ключевые слова: УФ/видимая спектрофотометрия, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, определение ионов металлов, абсорбционная спектроскопия, анализ окружающей среды. Introduction: Copper (Cu²⁺) and zinc (Zn²⁺) are essential trace elements that play significant roles in biological, environmental, and industrial systems. However, their concentration levels must be carefully monitored, as excessive or deficient amounts can lead to detrimental effects. In environmental samples, high concentrations of Cu²⁺ may originate from industrial waste, mining activities, or agricultural runoff, posing toxicity risks to aquatic life and human health. Similarly, Zn²⁺, though an essential nutrient, can become hazardous at elevated levels, impacting water quality and soil composition. Various analytical techniques are employed for the determination of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and electrochemical methods. However, these methods often require expensive instrumentation, extensive sample preparation, or highly trained personnel. UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective, rapid, and relatively simple alternative for metal ion determination based on their ability to form colored complexes with specific reagents. This study investigates the application of UV/Vis spectrophotometry for the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions in different sample matrices. The method involves selecting suitable complexing agents, optimizing measurement conditions such as pH and wavelength, and constructing calibration curves for accurate quantification. By comparing the obtained results with standard analytical methods, the effectiveness and reliability of UV/Vis spectrophotometry in metal ion detection are evaluated. The findings aim to contribute to the development of efficient, accessible, and reliable techniques for routine metal ion analysis in environmental and industrial settings. Literature review: The determination of metal ions in various sample matrices is a critical area of research due to their environmental, biological, and industrial significance. Copper (Cu²⁺) and zinc (Zn²⁺) are among the most studied transition metal ions due to their essential roles and potential toxicity at elevated concentrations. Several analytical techniques have been employed for their quantification, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and electrochemical methods. 8 26 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ However, UV/Vis spectrophotometry has gained attention as a cost-effective and efficient alternative due to its simplicity, rapid analysis, and minimal sample preparation requirements. Traditional methods for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ deter