BUKHARA KHAN THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF ABDULLAKHAN II

Аннотация

This in thearticle Bukhara Khan Abdullakhan II 's creativityactivity scientific sources based on comparative analysis This is especially true in the period height raised madrasas , mosques , khanaqohs , rabots , caravanserais , irrigation facilities about information cited.XVI in the century Bukhara khanate socio-economic and spiritual in development important role to play historical evidence with proven . Key words: Abdullahkhan II, science , culture , Abdullakhan Madrasa , Govkushan madrasa, mosqueTall ,roomy. Full name - Abdullah ibn Iskandarkhan ibn Jonibek Sultan ibn Khoja Muhammad ibn Abdulkhairkhan) (1534, Miyonqol, village of Ofarinkent - 1598, buried in the Bahauddin complex near Samarkand, Bukhara) was the greatest ruler of the Bukhara Khanate from the Shaybanid dynasty in the Uzbek state system (1583-1598), a statesman, commander, patron of science, enlightenment, and culture. His grandfather, Jonibek Sultan, was the governor of Karmana and Miyonqol. His father, Iskandar Sultan, ruled Ofarinkent and later Karmana at the time of his son's birth[1]. Abdullahkhan II fought hard from his youth to reunite the territory of the country, which had been divided after the death of Shaybanikhon, and to strengthen the central state power. During his reign, science, art, urban planning, literature, and similar fields flourished in Bukhara. The entire reign of Abdulla Khan was spent in constant wars. In 1574, he conquered Balkh, in 1578, Samarkand, in 1583, Tashkent and Fergana, in 1584, Badakhshan, and in 1595, Khorezm, which he incorporated into his state. During the reign of Abdulla Khan, the territory of the country consisted of lands from Kashgar to the shores of the Aral and Caspian Seas, from Turkestan and Sairam to the eastern part of Khorasan. Centralized state organization in the country science and culture The construction and irrigation works carried out in the country during the reign of Abdullah Khan II from 1557 to 1598 are described in Badriddin Kashmiri's “Ravzatur Rizvan va Hadiqatul Ghilam” as follows : “In every city, mosques and high madrasas were built, and their arcades were decorated with seven-colored tiles, gold and lapis lazuli. In every place, cisterns and cisterns were built, and stone bridges were built over rivers. Canals were dug, and water was brought to the steppes. Peace, prosperity and joy arose among the people”[2]. During the 40-year reign of Abdullah Khan, more than 1,000 structures of more than 20 types were built in Central Asia (madrasahs, mosques, caravanserais, khanaqohs, minarets, mausoleums, libraries, baths, hospitals, ponds, bridges, dams, cisterns, chorbaghs, tims, toqis, and khoks)[3]. It is noteworthy that no ruler who ruled in Transoxiana before or after Abdullah Khan builtso many structures. The Abdullakhan Madrasah was built as the largest center of enlightenment in the khanate. Its construction dates back to the late Middle Ages, that is, to 1588-1590. Raw and baked bricks, clay, wood, a special “kır” alloy, and similar products were used in the construction of the https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 299 architectural monument. If we talk about the general appearance of the architectural monument, the courtyard is surrounded by two-story rooms . There is a high roof on both sides. Through the roofs, one enters the inner rooms and the khanaqoh. The large roof of the madrasah faces south. The roof wings and flowerpots are decorated with enamel ornaments. After passing through the gate, one enters thelarge rooms onbothsides -theclassroom andthemosque.[4] The architectural monument is built in a domed style, incorporating Eastern traditions, with the use of ornaments. The gate of the madrasa is a unique example of the Khotamkori style - made of small pieces of wood in the form of a girrikh. One of the unique aspects of the architectural monument is that its structure is quite different from typical madrasas. The madrasa is built slightly tilted towards the Modarikhan madrasa opposite it. Considering that the Modarikhan madrasa was built in honor of the mother of Abdullakhan, it is a unique symbol of respect for the mother. This madrasa, which is a mature example of the architecture of the Abdullakhan era, demonstrates all the creative achievements of Bukhara architecture in the 16th century. Its appearance together with the Modarikhan madrasa is considered an example of the "double" style, and therefore it is called the Double Madrasa . This architectural ensemble of the Double Madrasah, which is one of the unique examples of Bukhara architecture, has a complex architectural solution. If we talk about the current state of the architectural monument, in 1997, on the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the city of Bukhara, the Abdullakhan Madrasah, along with all the architectural structures in Bukhara, was renovated. Currently, it has become a tourist attraction for tourists visiting Bukhara from different parts of Uzbekistan and foreign tour