GREAT CENTRAL ASIAN SCIENTISTS WHO LIVED AND CREATED IN THE 9TH-12TH CENTURIES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD CIVILIZATION.

Аннотация

The period of the 9th-12th centuries played an incomparable role in the development of our scientific culture. Following the example of the scientific academy in Baghdad, the Mamun Academy was established in Khorezm in the10th century. Keywords: Al-Khwarizmi, Beruni, Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Hammar, Abu Sahl Masihi, Ibn Iraq, Ahmad Ferghani. In the 9th century, scholars from Transoxiana, at the initiative of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, established a scientific center-academy ("Bayt ul-Hikma") in Baghdad, which gathered scholars and scholars from all Muslim countries, including Central Asia. In this center, scholars such as Musa al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad Ferghani, Marvazi, Marwarudi, and Jawhari, who came from Transoxiana and Khorasan, made a great contribution to the world fame of the Baghdad Academy. One of the positive aspects of the establishment of the rule of the Arab Caliphate in Transoxiana and the widespread spread of Islam is that, following the example of the scientific academy in Baghdad, the Academy of Mamun was established in Khorezm in the 10th century, anditsmembers, scholars oftheirtime, spread thewisdom of Transoxianatothe world with their works. Our country has also produced some of the most influential figures and hadith scholars in the Islamic world, whose names remain at the top of both secular and mystical knowledge to this day. As is known, the history of the development of the peoples of Central Asia, which has a long past, has experienced various events, periods of rise and decline. Undoubtedly, all of these periods left their mark on history. In particular, the role of the period of the 9th-12th centuries in the development of our scientific culture is incomparable. It is worth noting that at the end of the 10th century, Mamun ibn Muhammad united Khorezm, which was divided into southern and northern parts, into a single center. Mamun, in particular, turned the capital Gurganch into one of the largest scientific and cultural centers of the East. Mamun founded the "Baytul Hikma" (House of Wisdom) in Gurganch. It was also called the Mamun Academy. The great thinkers Al- Khwarizmi, Beruni, Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Hammar, Abu Sahl Masihi, Ibn Iraq, Ahmad Ferghani worked in this place. Among them were also great scholars from manycountries of theEast. Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. (783-850) The great thinker and scientist al- Khwarizmi's work on arithmetic and algebra "Kitab al-jabr wal muqabala" (Book on Addition and Contrast) not only opened a new era in mathematics, but also became a great foundation for its development in subsequent centuries. Thanks to the work "Book on Indian Arithmetic", first the peoples of the East, and then the peoples of Europe, became acquainted with the great achievement of Ancient India - the decimal positional counting system. (Translated into Latin in the 12th century). Al-Khwarizmi's work "Kitab surat al-arz" (The Picture of the Earth) is about geography, and "Astronomical Tables" is about astronomy, which spread the author's name throughout the world. Also, such wonderful works as "Treatise on Sundials", "Treatise on https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 216 History", "Treatise on Algebra", "Treatise on Music" brought great fame to the scientist and immortalized his name. Al-Khwarizmi's work "Al-jabr wal muqabala" later became known as "Algebra" in Europe. His work on astronomy played a major role in the development of astronomy notonly in theEast, but also in theWest. Abul Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad Al-Farghani. Little information about Al-Farghani's biography has been preserved in history. He died in 861. Considered an expert in astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, and hydrology, he actively participated in the construction of observatories in Baghdad and Damascus, where he conducted verification of the data in Ptolemy's "Star Table". Al-Farghani organized knowledge of astronomy in his work "Fundamentals of Astronomy" and enriched it with his new results. In accordance with the tradition of that time, he divided countries into seven climates. He gave a description of sundials, created astronomical instruments. This work of Ferghani was used as the main guide to astronomy inEurope untilthe timeof N. Copernicus. Abu Nasr al-Farabi (873-950). Born in Utrar, received his primary education in Shash, Bukhara, and Samarkand, and then lived in Baghdad for a long time, interacting with the scientists of his time. He wrote more than 160 treatises on various fields of science. His famous work on music theory, "The Great Book of Music," is one of the earliest historical sources on the history of this field. Hewas aversatile and encyclopedic scholar. Abu Raykhan Beruni (973-1048). This thinker, born in Khorezm, created about 150 works on astronomy, history, medicine, mathematics, geography, geodesy, meteorology, ethnography, philosophy, and philology. These works spread the name of Beruni throughout the world. It is also known that he wrote stories and poems. Al-Bi