MAIN PROBLEMS AND MODERN TRENDS IN TODAY’S LINGUISTIC SPHERE

Аннотация

This paper explores the integral role of comparative linguistics in translation studies, emphasizing how linguistic comparisons between source and target languages help address issues of equivalence and translation accuracy. By analyzing cross-linguistic structures, semantics, and cultural contexts, comparative linguistics offers critical insights that aid translators in producing faithful and meaningful translations. It also investigates problems such as non-equivalence, lexical gaps, syntactic divergence, idiomatic and cultural expressions, and how these issues can be addressed using comparative linguistic principles. The discussion includes examples from English and other typologically diverse languages such as Russian, Uzbek, French, and Japanese. Ultimately, the study advocates for a stronger integration of comparative linguisticknowledge in translatortraining and practice. Key words: comparative linguistics, translation studies, equivalence, non-equivalence, contrastiveanalysis, linguistictypology, translation theory.