CONFLICT SITUATIONS AMONG THE POPULATION DURING THE PROMOTION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND SOLUTIONS AIMED AT THESE SITUATIONS.

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the study of pedagogical approaches to the education of mentally retarded children and their development. The article covers the definition of mental retardation, the causes of mental retardation, and the need for pedagogical support for such children. The importance of special approaches, methodologies, and individual planning used by the education system and teachers in working with mentally retarded children is highlighted. Recommendations are also given on how to stimulate their cognitive and social development by creating specific didactic materials and activities for these children. The article serves as a useful resourcefor educators and psychologists working in thefield of special education. Keywords: Mentally retarded children, special education, pedagogy, educational methodology, cognitive development, social development, individual approach, didactic materials, inclusiveness in education, psychological support, the role of the teacher, the education system, development strategies. Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola aqli zaif bolalar ta'limi va ularning rivojlanishiga oid pedagogik yondashuvlarni o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Maqolada, aqli zaiflikning ta'rifi, sabablarini aniqlash va bunday bolalarga qanday pedagogik yordam ko'rsatish zarurligi masalalari yoritilgan. Aqli zaif bolalar bilan ishlashda ta'lim tizimi va o'qituvchilar tomonidan qo'llaniladigan maxsus yondashuvlar, metodikalar va individual rejalashtirishning ahamiyati ko'rsatilgan. Shuningdek, bu bolalar uchun o'ziga xos didaktik materiallar va mashg'ulotlar yaratish orqali ularning kognitiv va ijtimoiy rivojlanishini rag'batlantirish mumkinligi haqida tavsiyalar berilgan. Maqola, maxsus ta'lim sohasida ishlayotgan pedagoglar va psixologlar uchun foydali manba bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Kalit so'zlar: Aqli zaif bolalar, maxsus ta'lim, pedagogika, ta'lim metodikasi, kognitiv rivojlanish, ijtimoiy rivojlanish, individual yondashuv, didaktik materiallar, ta'limdagi inkluzivlik,psixologik yordam, o'qituvchining roli, ta'limtizimi, rivojlanish strategiyalari. Аннотация: Данная статья посвящена исследованию педагогических подходов к обучению и развитию умственно отсталых детей. В статье дано определение умственной отсталости, выявление ее причин, а также необходимость оказания педагогической поддержки таким детям. Показана важность специальных подходов, методов и индивидуального планирования, используемых системой образования и педагогами в работе с умственно отсталыми детьми. Также рекомендуется стимулировать когнитивное https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 171 и социальное развитие этих детей путем создания для этих детей специальных дидактических материалов и занятий. Статья служит полезным ресурсом для педагогов и психологов,работающих всфере специальногообразования. Ключевые слова: умственно отсталые дети, специальное образование, педагогика, методика обучения, познавательное развитие, социальное развитие, индивидуальный подход, дидактические материалы, инклюзивность в образовании, психологическая поддержка,роль учителя,образовательнаясистема,стратегии развития. Introduction. Mental retardation is a condition that causes clear limitations in children's cognitive, logical, and social development. The causes of this condition are varied and can be caused by genetic factors, biochemical errors or environmental influences. Unlike their age peers, children with mental retardation have difficulties with reading, writing, logical reasoning and social interaction. Nevertheless, great success can be achieved in their education and development with the right pedagogical approaches. Special methodologies, individual approach and support are necessary for educators in working with mentally retarded children, and these issues are analyzed in detail in this article. Full integration of mentally retarded children into the educational system helps to maximize their potential and enables them to actively participate in social life. Literature analysis. There are various studies and scientific works in the field of pedagogical issues related to mentally retarded children. These literatures play an important role in developing the necessary methodological approaches and pedagogical strategies for the development of special education and helping children with mental retardation. Below is an analysis of some of the research and literature in this area. Vygotsky, L.S. (1982) — Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Vygotsky's theory of social constructivism forms the basis of transformative and effective pedagogical approaches in the education of children with intellectual disabilities. According to him, children learn from their environment and from their teachers, so teachers should create an environment that is specific and adapted to the desired level of development for children with mental retardation. This theory helps teachers in special education develop theirwork. Gardner, H. (1983) — Frames o