CLINICAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS: AN ANALYSIS

Аннотация

Thus, the early days of infectious mononucleosis are characterized by fever, signs of intoxication, clear damage to the mouth and throat in the form of angina, and difficulty breathing through the nose, along with enlargement of the liver and spleen. These signs allow for a presumptive diagnosis to be made early in the course of the disease. In the acute phase of the disease, hyperthermia persists, symptoms of tonsillitis decrease, hepatomegaly intensifies, and clinical blood tests show an increase in ESR, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells in 52% of cases. Complications developed in 27.4% of cases. Keywords: hyperthermia, tonsillitis, hepatomegaly, atypical mononuclear cells. Relevance: Despite numerous scientific studies dedicated to investigating infectious mononucleosis, this disease remains a relevant issue. This is primarily due to the high incidence rate, for example, in Uzbekistan, it is 7.5 per 100,000, while among children it reaches 34 per 100,000. Globally, among herpes viruses, Epstein-Barr virus and one of its most widespread forms, infectious mononucleosis, hold a significant position, as recognized by researchers. Epstein-Barr virus is known for its multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression, with the “host” organism being less susceptible to immune system effects. However, this results in an increase in immune system dysfunctions and the formation of chronic viral infections. Research has shown that the impact of this virus on the immune system is explained by the cessation of natural interferon production and blocking apoptosis mechanisms, leading to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies, which can contribute to the formation of autoimmune diseases and tumor processes in genetically predisposed individuals. The clinical manifestations of infectious mononucleosis in children are diverse, which creates difficulties in making timely and accurate diagnoses, as well as issues related to differential diagnostics. Diagnostic errors in the pre-hospital stage can account for 40-90% of cases, especially among younger children. The discovery of more convenient diagnostic methods (such as immunoassays to detect virus antigens and molecular biology methods like polymerase chain reaction, which can identify various DNA viruses in biological samples) has enabled better understanding of the https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj 9 0 Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025 World scientific research journal clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and immune-pathogenesis of EBV-induced mononucleosis, as well as the pathogenic treatment strategies. Objective of the Study: Considering the above, we conducted a detailed analysis of the clinical course of infectious mononucleosis and its age-related characteristics.