Reserve museums under an open sky as a method for preserving the historical and cultural heritage and tourism development

Аннотация

Architectural studies on the creation of a reserve museum allow for the simultaneous preservation of historical and cultural heritage and the development of tourism by placing the appropriate infrastructure for the fruitful work of archaeological scientists and active tourists visiting the archaeological site Key words: Ancient fortifications; Akhsikent; architecture; open-air museum Research work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on the topic "Architectural Studies on the Creation of the Akhsikent Museum of the Reserve" is carried out under the supervision of prof. Rakhimov K.D. at the Samarkand State Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute named after M. Ulugbek. Currently, Uzbekistan is actively working to protect monuments, historical and cultural heritage and the development of tourism in the country. The sphere of culture and digital technologies in this regard occupies a special place in the program of the government of the country [1]. As you know, the first steps in the museumification of monuments date back to the 19th century. The Swedish researcher A. Hazelius was the first to create an ethnographic open-air museum, which in form is a museum park. Following the Swedish researcher Skansen, the process of creating open-air museums began throughout Europe [4]. In the middle of the XX century. at the archaeological site, archaeological open-air museums appeared. The objects discovered during excavations after conservation were exhibited inside the exhibition pavilions in the territory of this archaeological park. This approach created a sense of presence in a genuine historical environment. We have studied open-air museums in Europe, USA, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, China, as well as similar museums on the African and Australian continents, the CIS and Central Asian countries. The results of historical, archaeological, archaeological and geographical studies of the Eski Akhsi settlement and its environs (Akhsiket oasis), as well as analysis of information from written sources, allow us to 68 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) recreate the stages of urban culture development starting from the 2nd century BC and before the beginning of the twentieth century. AD and localize the capital cities of Ferghana, develop a chronology and periodization of the ancient settlement of Akhsikent of the era of antiquity and the Middle Ages, determine the time of its occurrence and development [5]. It is in this region in the III - II centuries. BC. the city of Akhsiket (Fargana-Pargana-Parkana) arose, which existed for 1.5 thousand years. In accordance with the individual research plan, we conduct a study and analysis of the state of ancient fortifications in the volume of all Central Asian states, which will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions and suggestions for their conservation and protection, as an object of national heritage and tourism. On the basis of architectural tools, a new approach is being developed in creating an open-air reserve museum, which is practically applicable in all ancient fortifications, and the proposed concept enables architects to create their architectural projects for preserving these ancient fortifications. At present, in order to preserve this national heritage and at the same time draw attention to this historical monument, both local and foreign tourists, we present the Architectural Improvement Project of the Akhsikent Open Air Museum. At present, in order to preserve this national heritage and at the same time draw attention to this historical monument, both local and foreign tourists, we present the Architectural Improvement Project of the Akhsikent Open Air Museum. The reserve museum, in addition to the historical part, provides optimal service for tourist services such as: car parking, a wind farm for autonomous power supply and creating a microclimate at different times of the year, an electronic library, a visitor center serving visitors, a hotel, a cable car, as well as lecture halls and training classes. In classrooms, visitors will be able to try to do the traditional crafts of the inhabitants who inhabited Akhsikent (making pottery, making "damask" swords, etc.). Visitors will also have the opportunity to take part in archaeological excavations conducted in the museum's reserve. Currently, the use of such technologies and their implementation are becoming necessary conditions for the development of Uzbekistan [2, 6]. Summary: - the study of open-air museums existing in the world shows that they are diverse and how diverse are the ways of their conservation and visiting by tourists. In Europe, where ancient cities and ancient settlements were built mainly of stone, they are in good preserved condition. In Russia and other CIS countries of the European part, where the folk heritage is 69 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) represented mainly by wooden architectural architecture, their prese