EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF HIGH-YIELDING MULBERRY VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS

Аннотация

This article describes the hybrid of Oshima I2N2 (Morus bombycis Koidz.) × SANIISH-25 (Morus multicaulis Perr.), Obtained by crossbreeding of mulberry tree, which is widely used in production in Uzbekistan. The specificity of the variety and the development of each clone were studied in the process of different effects on the growth and development of mulberry in standard nutrient media in vitro from the selected Jarariq 9 varieties. Our study found that when we planted 3 clones in a new environment, leaving one joint, the third apical part grew better than the 2nd medium clone, but the 3rd clone growth and root rate, which was cut close to the 3rd nutrient medium, was higher than the 1st and 2nd clones. Key words: Mulberry (Morus sp.), micropropagation, in vitro screening, M.Bombycis Koidz, M.Multicaulis Perr., M.Nigra L., M.Alba L. It is no secret that today there are all the conditions for scientific and practical research using the domestic potential for further development of the economy of Uzbekistan. Our research is in vitro micro propagation of mulberry tree varieties and hybrids suitable for our climatic conditions. Our results are a scientific and practical demonstration of the advantages and effectiveness of traditional multiplication methods and high quality indicators. 50 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) Due to the fact that silkworm breeding in the country can be exported in a very short time - 30-35 days, now it is planned to re-feed silkworms 3- 4 times. In order to fulfill the set plans, there is a need to further increase the number and variety of mulberry trees. It is not necessary to use fertile land to expand mulberry fields, as the mulberry tree is drought tolerant and can grow even in areas with high salinity or salinity. Farmers always plant mulberry trees on both sides of the roadside ditches and on the other side of the border to prevent cotton and grain fields from being washed away by the ditches in the downpour. In the provinces, you have seen mulberries planted in two rows on both sides of the bush, because the mulberry tree is planted to consume the fruit and, most importantly, to use the leaves to feed the silkworm. Due to the efforts of representatives of the silk industry, great opportunities are opening up for the development of silkworm breeding. However, there are a number of problems in the process. The scarcity of mulberry plantations, which are the main food for silkworms and the fact that their existing ones have become unusable, is one of them. It is no secret that in some districts of the country the productivity of mulberry trees has significantly decreased due to negligence in the implementation of agro- technical measures. In addition, mulberry disease and pest control measures are not carried out in a timely and quality manner. The head of state instructed the Ministry of Agriculture, "Uzbekipaksanoat" Association, regional governors and heads of relevant departments to allocate land for the establishment of mulberry groves, renovate the old ones, and use water-saving technologies. The goal is to increase cocoon production to 21,000 tons next year and 30,000 tons by 2025. Based on this, by the end of 2022, it is planned to plant 20,000 hectares of new mulberries and renew 10,000 hectares of obsolete mulberries. Mulberry propagation is mainly of two types: from traditional vegetative cuttings or by grafting and from seed. In these methods, it is not possible to grow any amount of high-yielding plants without the diseases we expect. The traditional method of propagating mulberries does not give an increase in economic efficiency. A group of scientists from the University of Taif in Saudi Arabia (2014) (Attia O Attia, Eldessoky Sdessoky, Ehab I El- Hallous & Hanan F Shaaban) also pointed out that reproduction through breeding work is also time consuming. In India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and a number of other Asian countries, the mulberry tree is the only food for silkworms, longevity, soil erosion protection, plant protection from downpour, the use of fruit as a natural nutrient for small animals and birds during ripening considering the economic potential of mulberry , a group of Indian scientists have pointed out that most research is being done on mulberry trees to create high- 51 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) yielding, disease-resistant, nutritious mulberry varieties adapted to the natural climate. Kunjupillai Vijayan. A. Tikader and others. 2011. Article · June 2011 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20447-0_5 Researchers in China, India, Japan and Korea, where silkworm breeding is practiced, are also working on genetic improvement through mulberry selection, genomic and breeding resources, as well as conservation, collection, use and transmission of valuable wildlife to future generations. Propagation of mulberry varieties is one of the effective methods of micro clonal propagation by modern advanced in vitro me