Adaptive feature of the sheep of the Karakalpak sura to dry climates

Аннотация

the article presents the results of the study of the main defining signs of breeding Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak sura. The optimal criterion was determined for the distribution of experimental lambs of different colors according to adaptive types, classiness, and the width and length of curls of Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak type suras. Key words: Karakalpak sur, colors, adaptive type, classiness, curl width, curl length. 13 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) Introduction: Currently, more than 500 sheep breeds of various directions of productivity are bred in the world, their total number today is about 1.25 billion heads of sheep, and only one Karakul breed is capable of producing amazingly beautiful and graceful lamb skins, among which the most original are the skins of the coloring of suras of the Karakalpak breed type. Today, Karakul sheep are raised in more than 50 countries of the world, their total number is more than 30 million. Due to the very high viability and adaptability of Karakul sheep, the rational use of the extreme conditions of pastures in these countries is ensured and makes it possible to improve the social and material situation of the population living in these regions. On a global scale, the demand for original colored karakul is growing in the foreign and domestic market. [2; S.13-20]. For this reason, the primary task for the karakul breeders of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is to conduct scientific research to satisfy the demand of the population for karakul pelts and karakul products aimed at maximizing the specific gravity of obtaining lambs of original, valuable colors and on the rational use of breeding sheep. [9; P.164]. The purpose of the research is to investigate scientifically based methods and techniques for breeding Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak Sura, to identify important breeding traits for selection, inherent in each color. The object of the research was purebred Karakul sheep with colorful wools of Karakalpak breed type, lambs of different ages, and Karakul pelts. Research Methodology. The feeding qualities of the lambs were evaluated at birth by individual scoring at 1-3 days of age in accordance with the instructions for scoring with the basics of breeding (T. 2015). A scented description of karakul on lambs and pelts was selectively carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the scientific research institute (according to R. T. Pissmennaya and M. D. Zakirov, 1963). The resulting digital material was processed by methods of variation statistics [4C.7-45]. Climatic pasture characteristics place of research. Of the total area of Kyzyl Kum, 20 million hectares, the Karakalpak part in the northwest of the massif occupies about three million hectares. [4; S.417-420]. Kyzyl Kum is a vast plateau 200-350 meters high above sea level, overlain by hilly and ridged sands. Their soil is sandy and desert gray soils and takir-like on the plains with a total feed capacity of about 4.0 million centners of hay per year [3; P.48-50]. The climate of the desert is sharply continental. The average annual air temperature in Kyzylkum is about 11 ° C. The absolute maximum temperature reaches 40-44 ° C, the absolute minimum –27 ° C, -32 ° C. The amount of precipitation does not exceed 100 mm. Duration without a frost period is 196 days [9; P.164]. 14 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) The entire territory of the Karakalpak Kyzyl Kum, according to the type of plant groupings, is divided into a number of districts. In the mountainous regions - Sultan - Waisa, vegetation is very poor, both in the number of species and in the number of individuals, and is represented mainly by types of xerophilous shrubs. The leading plants of this region are wormwood, kurchat, ephedra, as an impurity in the cover, the grasses of bluegrass are involved, the ephemeral-ephemeroid cover forms the basis of fodder stocks for karakul breeding of the sand desert. The Bukhara highlands – the main plant groups are wormwood and wormwood –shrub thickets: wormwood, fluffy hodgepodge - keireuik, annual ephemera, boyalash, teresken and others. In these areas, the crop yield does not exceed 1.0 - 2.5 c / ha. Areas of salted basins are richer in hodgepodge, like biiyurgun, sarsazan and dwarf saxaul (Arthrophytum Litwinovi). Most of the Karakalpak Kyzylkum area covers sandy areas where wormwood, black and sand Helaxylon, dzhuzgun, rank, selets, ephemera, moss, koyan suyak (Ammodendron Conollyi), and cereal in seleu (Aristida Karelini) are widespread. In the northwestern part of the Karakalpak Kzylkum, in the region of ancient alluvial deposits, which occupies huge lowlands, the main background of the vegetation of the pastures forms Anabasis salsa. A few annual hodgepodge and ephemera, as well as wormwood and black saxaul, are mixed with it. Research results. Based on a comprehensive study of the Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak breed suras of the breed