DIRECTIONS AND PRIORITY FEATURES OF THE TRANSITION TO THE "GREEN ECONOMY"

Аннотация

This article examines the interrelationship between ecology , the environment , and the economy, as well as the impact and results of economic activity on the environment. Country The transition to a "green economy" and its benefits are highlighted in order to significantly reduce the environmental risks and degradation of nature resulting from the economy and production. Keywords: sustainable development, environment, ecological sustainability, ecological problems, "green economy", eco-innovation, eco-investment, ecologization of the economy, "green" jobs, ecological technologies. The globalization process requires a qualitative renewal of the technological base of industrialized countries, a transition to amodernized economy with anew technological structure that ensures the improvement of the quality of life and living environment, along with an increase in production efficiency and competitiveness. Abroad, the "green growth" economic policy that implements this transition has been adopted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as a strategic direction for the long-term (until 2030) development of all its members. In terms of anti-crisis potential, eco-innovations, green investment and, in general, the green economy allow to increase employment, alleviate unemployment, stimulate activity in all sectors of the economy and get out of recession faster. Eco-innovations are defined as any form of innovation aimed at achieving sustainable development goals, reducing harmful impacts on the environment and more efficient and rational useofnatural resources, whilethere is nogenerally accepted definition ofthegreen economy. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the "green economy" as an economic activity and proposes a broad understanding of this concept, namely, "a green economy that improves human well-being and ensures social justice, significantly reduces environmental risks and the degradation of nature." This definition of the "green economy" is almost indistinguishable from the well-known concept of sustainable development. In a more narrow sense, the "green economy" is understood as the control and reduction of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, monitoring and forecasting climate change, as well as the creation, production and use of energy and resource-saving technologies and technologies for renewable energy sources. This includes the creation, production and use of technologies and materials to protect buildings and structures from sudden changes in temperature, humidity and wind loads; production of environmentally friendly products, including agricultural (food, natural fibers) and consumer goods (natural and natural-based medicines and personal care products without chemical additives), in other words, the "green economy" includes types and results of economic activities that contribute to the modernization of the economy and increasing production efficiency, as well as improving the quality of life and living conditions. At the same time, the "green economy" is reflected differently in official documents of different countries: first of all, among developed countries, it is defined as competition, job creation, in developing countries - as sustainable development, solving poverty problems, citizen participation and https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 156 equality, and in the BRICS countries - as resource efficiency. However, the most pressing problems in the field of environmental development, first of all, restrictions in the field of environmental protection, are not reflected in the definitions of the "green economy" in any of thesedocuments. This shows that the most important aspect of the green economy is the economy itself and its socio-economic sphere. The European Community's strategy for the transition to a "green economy" by 2050 states that the "green economy" should represent a system that integrates ecosystems (natural resources), the economy (material resources) and society. The scale of the "green" sector in the world economy is still relatively small, therefore the term "green shoots" of the economy is usually used in specialized literature along with the concept of "green economy". Indeed, in 2010 the value of products and services in this sector amounted to 2 trillion. US dollars, or 2.7 percent of world GDP , profits amounted to 530 billion. US dollars, employment - 10 million. people . However, the contribution of the "green" sector to the development of the economic complex of some countries, which concentrate the bulk of their potential and investments in this area, is significantly higher: in the USA, the "green economy" provides more than $ 600 billion in products and services (4.2% of GDP), employment is estimated at 3 million people; in Japan - 3.4% of GDP and 1.5 million, respectively; in the European Union countries - 2.5% of total GDP and more than 3.4 million people; however, in some countries