THE PROCESS OF MUSEIFICATION OF HISTORICAL SITES IN UZBEKISTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUSEUM OF FAYZULLA KHODJAEV IN BUKHARA)

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются процессы музефикации историко- архитектурных памятников жилых домов в Узбекистане на примере музея дома Файзуллы Хужаева в Бухаре. Несмотря на то, что данный памятник охватывает долгий период (конец 19 — начало 20 века), о дате его строительства и местных мастерах, создававших внутренние декоративные элементы, не сохранилось никаких сведений. Также в статье анализируются постепенные процессы реставрацииобъекта. Ключевые слова: архитектура,музей дома Файзуллы Хужаева,традиционныйжилой дом, двор,декоративные элементы,ремонт,реставрацияи консервация. The history of civil architecture in Uzbekistan reflects rich and ancient traditions. Its development has been shaped over many years by local and foreign experiences, customs, and contemporary requirements. Civil architecture in Uzbekistan is characterized by unique regional traditions. In rural areas, traditional houses and courtyards with specific designs have been widely constructed, while in urban areas, modern houses, offices, and large commercial complexes are being built. New houses and buildings being constructed in cities such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Namangan are designed in a way that is consistent with their historical, cultural, and architectural context. Efforts are made to maintain a balance between social lifeand tourism. One of the most prominent examples of civil architecture is the Fayzulla Khodjayev House Museum inBukhara. Fayzulla Khodjayev was born in 1896 in Bukhara in a family of merchants. He was a statesman and political figure. He spent the considerable wealth inherited from his father on opening new-method schools and materially supporting the political activities of young Bukharians. Fayzulla Khodjayev paid special attention to the independent internal and foreign policy of the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic, carried out economic reforms, and introduced democratic freedoms. He established diplomatic relations with countries outside of Russia, including Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, China, Azerbaijan, the USSR, as well as Germany and Japan. He also played a significant role in sending young students abroad to ensure their education. Fayzulla Khodjayev governed the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic for four years and the Republic of Uzbekistan for twelve years. As a "people’s enemy" he was imprisoned and 283 Volume 4, issue 2, 2025 executed alongside many intellectuals, such as Fitrat, Chulpan, and Abdulla Kadiri. He left a rich scientificlegacy as a statesman, historian, economist, andpublicist-journalist. [1.53-54]. Fayzulla Khodjaev’s historical legacy holds significant importance in history of Uzbekistan. His social and political activities are also reflected in civil architecture, as he supported the youth of histimeand promoted free thinking, striving for all-around development. This residential building, constructed in the early 19th century, is commonly referred to as the house of its first owners, Ubaydullo Khodja and Kasim Khodjaev. There is no exact source regarding the date of its construction; this estimation is based on the building materials, decoration, and architectural style used. Later, thehouse passed on to his son, Fayzulla Khodjaev. After the revolution, the house was nationalized. Between 1930 and 1937, it was the residence of Fayzulla Khodjaev, who was the secretary of the People’s Education Council. Until the 1950s, the building was used as a residential property. Subsequently, a large portion of the building, according to a decision by the city authorities, was repurposed as a boarding school, and later served as a preschool education college and kindergarten. In the 1970s, the first courtyard and the southeastern part of the house were allocated to the Bukhara regional organization, while the northwestern part was freed up for restoration. There is no information about Fayzulla Khodjaev’s house in the archives of Bukhara city or the Bukhara museum. Only the Bukhara archive contains schematic measurements of the first and second floors of the house, left by architect Abdurasulov in 1946 [2.27-28]. This residential building has a frame-based foundation and is constructed from raw brick. The walls are covered with a mud-plaster technique. The interior walls of the rooms are coated with plaster and decorated with wall ornaments and relief patterns [2. 62]. The walls of the building’s rooms have high wall niches, which are filled with decorative elements. The lower part of the building features a solid earthen floor (a kind of wooden floor). This house covers a total area of 10,133 square meters. During the excavation works in 1979, much of the house was found to be in a damaged condition. The mud-plastered areas of the courtyard collapsed, exposing the frame foundations. Several rounds of restoration resulted in significant damage to the decorative elements of the building. Due to weather, earthquakes, and other external factors, noticeable cracks appeared in the walls of