THE ROLE OF UZBEKISTAN'S WOMEN IN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SPHERES DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Аннотация

This article describes the role of women in Uzbekistan in the fields of charity, education, science, and culture, as well as their contributions to the development and activities of various sectors. In addition to delivering essential supplies to the front, Uzbekistan's women adopted and raised many children of different nationalities during the evacuation, showing parental love. In the victory over fascism, they demonstrated not only at the front but also in the rear anexampleofpride, invaluableworth, and great couragecharacteristicofthe Uzbekpeople. Key words:War,Charity, Science, Education, Culture, Personnel, Evacuation, Courage, Victory, Memory. The Second World War claimed the lives of many people around the world. The social factors of the war had a complex impact on every family's life, disrupting the economy. As a result, the political and socio-economic situation became tense. The people of Uzbekistan were mobilized forthefront. Along with men, many women from Uzbekistan also departed forthe front lines. The situation behind the front lines also worsened, with all complex tasks falling on women's shoulders. During these trying times, Uzbek women emerged as resolute, strong-willed individuals before the whole world, exemplifying the phenomenon of the "Uzbek woman." They not only took leadership roles in agriculture, industry, and factories but also made significant contributions to the development of education, science, and culture. The education, science, and culture systems required improvement. Indeed, women's intelligence and sense of responsibility became adriving force in changing thesesituations forthe better. As the President of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev emphasized, "Our people worked selflessly behind the front lines, delivering vast amounts of military equipment, weapons, medicines, clothing, and food products to the battlefields. During those extremely difficult and challenging years, our people demonstrated humanity and tolerance," - "in those hard times, when even a morsel of bread was scarce, Uzbekistan provided shelter and sustenance to thousands of families left homeless dueto thewar, and cared for countless orphans and widows" [1,-P.80-81]. Indeed, during the Second World War, socio-economic life, science, education, and culture were adapted to the military situation. Addressing personnel-related issues became urgent. Women in Uzbekistan worked hard to supply the front and contribute to the victory in the war. They became specialists inunfamiliar professions. In a critical situation where the fateof thousands of people was at risk, all efforts were focused on evacuation processes. The government organized appeals, held rallies, and made decisions. According to the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan [2, - P. 5], evacuees were accepted as relatives into the families of collective farmers, urban and rural workers [3, -P. 14]. As of September 1, 1941, 5,717 people had arrived in the republic from the Ukrainian SSR alone, whilein October-November their numberreached 54,029.In total, about 1 millionpeople arrived 278 Volume 4, issue 2, 2025 in Uzbekistan, of which 200 thousand were children [4, - P. 58]. As the resettlement process to Uzbekistan was carried out, necessary measures were taken to accommodate the evacuated children and provide them with free meals. In October 1941, by the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR, the Central Evacuation Center of the People's Commissariat of Education was established. Republican, regional, city, and district commissions were created to assist evacuated children, providing them with opportunities for free meals in children's canteens organized in the cities of Tashkent, Fergana, Kokand, Andijan, Samarkand, and Namangan [5, - pp. 115-116]. As the movement to provide comprehensive assistance to evacuated children continued, the trade union commission of the Uzbek SSR held women's meetings in the regions, where 178 educators expressed their desireto educateand carefor thechildren of fallen soldiers. This demonstrated the high level of humanitarianism of ourpeople during the evacuation process and greatly inspired many individuals both in the rear and at the front. Uzbek families began to adopt many orphaned children. For example, Hamid Samadov, a disabled World War II veteran from Samarkand, and the Shomahmudov family, blacksmiths from Tashkent, took 14 children of various nationalities intotheircare, nurturing andcherishing them as they grew up. A monument featuring a sculptural composition depicting Temirchi Shomahmudov, who demonstrated the tolerance of the Uzbek people and exemplified high patriotism and honor, along with his wife and children, has been erected in the central part of the Palace of Friendship of Peoples in Tashkent. This monument of gre