EVALUATION OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY MANAGEMENT IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN

Аннотация

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women of reproductive age remains a global public health challenge. Effective management during pregnancy and delivery is critical to reduce the risks of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) andto optimizebothmaternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods:A retrospectivecohort study and systematic literature review were conducted to evaluate the current strategies in managing HIV- infected pregnant women. Clinical data from 250 HIV-positive pregnant patients, managed at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020, were analyzed. Key outcome measures included rates of MTCT, obstetric complications, mode of delivery, and postpartum outcomes. Additionally, findings from recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were synthesized. Results: The analysis showed that integrated multidisciplinary care—including antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, regular prenatal monitoring, and tailored delivery planning—significantly reduced the MTCT rate to below 2%. Table 1 summarizes the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort, while Table 2 presents a comparative overview of pregnancy outcomes based on the timing of ART initiation. Obstetric complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight were more prevalent in women who initiated ART late in pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Conclusion: Optimal management of pregnancy and delivery in HIV-infected women necessitates early diagnosis, prompt initiation of ART, and comprehensive prenatal care. Future research should focus on long-term maternal and child health outcomes and strategies to overcome barriers in resource-limited settings. Keywords: HIV, Pregnancy Management, Mother-to-Child Transmission, Antiretroviral Therapy, ObstetricOutcomes