THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES IN THE LIFE OF SOCIETY

Аннотация

in this article, we have summarized a brief overview of the role and place ofmarket and public spaces in urban space. Markets are considered one of the most important urban elements in the past and present. While markets have changed from traditional markets to modern ones, they still have a special place in cities and settlements. The process of changing markets can also be used for in-depth analysis of society. Accordingly, this article will first try to determine market architecture in the traditional and modern sense, as well as its place in society, politically, socially, economically and religiously. The market was created in each period to meet the needs of the people of its time, but in the formation of architecture and landscaping it stands ina lowerorder than expected. Keywords:market architecture.Publicplaces.Market shape, traditionalarchitecture В этой статье мы обобщили краткие представления о роли и месте рынка и общественных пространств в городском пространстве. Рынки считаются одним из важнейших элементов города в прошломи настоящем. Хотя рынки изменились с традиционных на современные, они по-прежнему занимают особое место в городах и населенных пунктах. Процесс трансформации рынков также можно использовать для глубокого анализа общества. Соответственно, в этой статье делается попытка прежде всего определить рыночную архитектуру в традиционном и современном смысле, а также ее место в обществе с политической, социальной, экономической и религиозной точек зрения. Рынок был создан для удовлетворения потребностей людей своего времени в каждую эпоху, но при формировании архитектуры и ландшафтного дизайна он находится на более низком уровне, чем ожидалось. Ключевые слова: Рыночная архитектура. Общественные места. Рыночная форма,традиционнаяархитектура Introduction. A market is a certain area in the hands of a specific set of people who trade alone or in groups according to their profession and the supply and supply that exists in society. What is today called a crossing or shopping center is actually a shape that has changed and is moving from a traditional market to a modern one. The market itself has several thousand years of history in the world. Since a person managed to produce more than necessary and considered replacing it with other products and the necessary ones, the process of market formation (albeit in its initial form) began. To this end, first of all, playgrounds were allocated for the work around large villages, which were gradually exchanged during the seasons on the days of the week. Later, with the expansion of societies and exchanges, time, place, form and structure also underwent evolutionary changes and developments, gradually becoming more permanent and homeless from temporary status and permanent from architecture to structural structures. The market dates from antiquity to the background of settlements whose economy was based on craftsand processingten thousand years ago. Main part. The market is a Persian word whose origin means Pahlavi language, the place of prices historically refers to the place where market buyers and sellers go to exchange goods or 165 Volume 4, issue 2, 2025 services. According to historical data, we can see the first trade caravans in the murals of the palace “Afrasiyab” in Samarkand. Archaeological material found in afrosiab indicates that Samarkand originated as the central city of Sughdiyona in 8-5 BC. The initial trade also began to slowly grow the first buds of development from thisperiod. Mil. av. In 329, the city was destroyed by the troops of Alexander The Great, traces of which are still well preserved in the city's defensive structures[2]. After the destruction of the city, all the functions that serve to maketrade and other urbandevelopment stagnate. Mil.av. During the Kushan dynasty of the 3rd –1st centuries, there were ascents in the life of the City[2]. Mil. av. In the3rd century, the city was surrounded bya double defensive wall. It is well preserved in the north of Afrosiob, the thick cultural layer of the times, in the part where its arch organ is located. Archaeological materials and written sources state that during this time the Great Silk Road passed through Samarkand, domestic and foreign trade, crafts developed. In the early Middle Ages, Samarkand enjoyed an influential position as the chief city of Sughdiyona, with radical changes in the social and economic life of the city. Wealthy peasant farms intensified, the northern part of Afrosiab, where their castles were located in the same clefts, was surrounded by a defensive wall. This situation also occurred in Movarounnahr and neighboring provinces. The Arab conquest began in 712[2]. The architecture of the early Islamic markets is influenced, especially in terms of belt structures-the architecture of the Sassanid period[6]. Market in the Islamic era * urbanization expanded during the Islamic era, and many cities believed that vendors went and spread their carpets where they f